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  "id": "about/changes",
  "label": "What has changed",
  "description": "A dated record of the site, newest first.",
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 {
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  "id": "about/visual-grammar",
  "label": "A visual grammar for use cases",
  "description": "One symbol and one colour per domain, and whole systems drawn as relationships among them.",
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   "visual-grammar"
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 {
  "id": "articles/2026-state-of-the-climate-report",
  "label": "The 2026 state of the climate report: challenges and opportunities",
  "description": "Annual update of sixteen planetary vital signs by William Ripple, Christopher Wolf and colleagues in BioScience; in 2026 seven of the sixteen are at record extremes.",
  "tags": [
   "climate",
   "vital signs",
   "indicators",
   "report",
   "tipping points"
  ],
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   "article"
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   "climate",
   "water",
   "fire",
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  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/articles/2026-state-of-the-climate-report/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/advances-in-geocomputation-and-geoai-for-mapping",
  "label": "Advances in geocomputation and geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI) for mapping",
  "description": "2023 editorial review by Yongze Song and colleagues of how geocomputation and GeoAI are used in mapping, with a taxonomy of mapping applications and of the data types that feed them.",
  "tags": [
   "geoai",
   "geocomputation",
   "mapping",
   "remote sensing",
   "review"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
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  "domains": [
   "places"
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  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/articles/advances-in-geocomputation-and-geoai-for-mapping/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/agrimate",
  "label": "Multi-breadbasket failures, climate change, and risks for crop prices and regional consumption",
  "description": "Paper by Kilian Kuhla and colleagues at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Environmental Research Letters; drives Agrimate, an agent-based model of global grain trade, with scenarios of simultaneous crop failures to estimate price spikes and regional consumption loss.",
  "tags": [
   "food security",
   "crop failure",
   "agricultural trade",
   "agent-based model",
   "food prices",
   "climate change"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
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  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
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  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/agrimate/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/c3s-making-climate-data-visible",
  "label": "C3S behind the scenes: making climate data visible",
  "description": "Essay by a climate data visualiser at the Copernicus Climate Change Service (ECMWF) on how the charts in its climate bulletins and reports are made, from daily variable tracking to the final graphic.",
  "tags": [
   "data visualisation",
   "climate",
   "charts",
   "communication",
   "Copernicus"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
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  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/c3s-making-climate-data-visible/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/climate-central-extreme-water-levels",
  "label": "Human-caused sea level rise drives 21st-century worldwide water level extremes",
  "description": "Paper in Science Advances led by Climate Central, by Daniel M. Gilford, Yucheng Lin, Kristina Dahl, Andrew J. Pershing, Robert E. Kopp and Benjamin H. Strauss, that estimates how much of the rise in extreme water levels at 519 tide gauges worldwide is due to human-caused sea level rise.",
  "tags": [
   "sea level rise",
   "coastal flooding",
   "tide gauge",
   "attribution",
   "extreme water levels"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "climate"
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  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/climate-central-extreme-water-levels/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/copernicus-ocean-forecasting",
  "label": "Understanding Our Ocean III: Predicting the Ocean",
  "description": "Explainer from the Copernicus Marine Service on how ocean forecasts are made: observations fed into physics-based models, data assimilation, and machine learning for gap-filling, sea ice reconstruction and marine heatwave detection.",
  "tags": [
   "ocean forecasting",
   "ocean models",
   "data assimilation",
   "machine learning",
   "sea ice",
   "marine heatwaves"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
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  "open": null,
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  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/copernicus-ocean-forecasting/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/ecological-frontier",
  "label": "The ecological frontier",
  "description": "",
  "tags": [],
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   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
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  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-15",
  "url": "/articles/ecological-frontier/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles",
  "label": "Articles",
  "description": "Pieces written here and elsewhere.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
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  "domains": [],
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  "view": "list",
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  "updated": "",
  "url": "/articles/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/limits-of-reason",
  "label": "The limits of reason: ecological frontiers",
  "description": "",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-15",
  "url": "/articles/limits-of-reason/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/living-planet-index-explained",
  "label": "A 73% average decline in wildlife populations: an overview of the 2026 Living Planet Index report",
  "description": "Hannah Ritchie at Our World in Data explains what the 2026 Living Planet Index's headline figure measures and what it does not, and shows that about half of the studied wildlife populations are declining while the rest are stable or increasing.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "wildlife",
   "index",
   "indicators",
   "populations",
   "statistics"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
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  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/living-planet-index-explained/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/llm-city-traffic-prediction",
  "label": "A scalable and generic framework for city-wide traffic prediction with large language model",
  "description": "2026 Nature Communications paper by Jinlei Zhang and colleagues at Beijing Jiaotong University, King's College London and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; proposes LLM-UTP, one language-model-based model that predicts short-term traffic flow across metro, bus, bike, taxi, freeway and rail in 29 cities and areas, with code and most data released.",
  "tags": [
   "traffic prediction",
   "large language model",
   "metro",
   "transport",
   "time series",
   "foundation model"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/llm-city-traffic-prediction/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/moderate-warming-extreme-outcomes",
  "label": "Moderate global warming does not rule out extreme global climate outcomes",
  "description": "Nature paper by Emanuele Bevacqua, Erich Fischer, Jana Sillmann and Jakob Zscheischler that ranks CMIP6 climate models by a sector-specific impact driver and shows that at 2 °C of warming the worst-case models for floods, breadbasket droughts and forest fire weather exceed the model average at 3 °C.",
  "tags": [
   "climate projections",
   "worst case",
   "CMIP6",
   "uncertainty",
   "risk assessment",
   "drought"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/moderate-warming-extreme-outcomes/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/nc-coastal-forest-loss",
  "label": "Mapping coastal forest retreat using convolutional neural networks and different satellite imagery",
  "description": "2026 PLOS One paper by Titilayo Tajudeen and colleagues at North Carolina State University that classifies Landsat and Sentinel-2 imagery with convolutional neural networks to track forest turning into ghost forest and marsh on the North Carolina coastal plain between 1985 and 2021.",
  "tags": [
   "ghost forests",
   "sea level rise",
   "land cover",
   "remote sensing",
   "deep learning",
   "coastal"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/nc-coastal-forest-loss/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/parts-of-a-twin",
  "label": "The parts of a digital twin",
  "description": "A running model of a place is four things that are built, bought and broken separately: data, an ontology, an engine, and a presentation.",
  "tags": [
   "stack",
   "architecture",
   "overview",
   "ontology",
   "presentation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
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  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/parts-of-a-twin/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/places-with-a-question",
  "label": "Twelve places with a question for a model",
  "description": "Recent reports, from a creek in Kentucky to the Strait of Hormuz, each read for the question someone there would put to a model of their place, and the kind of model that would answer it.",
  "tags": [
   "issues",
   "questions",
   "scale",
   "water",
   "ecology",
   "trade",
   "examples"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology",
   "climate",
   "food",
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
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  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-20",
  "url": "/articles/places-with-a-question/"
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 {
  "id": "articles/so-you-want-to-make-a-digital-twin",
  "label": "So you want to make a digital twin?",
  "description": "",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
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  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
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  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-15",
  "url": "/articles/so-you-want-to-make-a-digital-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/thwaites-glacier-issm",
  "label": "Sea-level contribution from Thwaites Glacier doubles in an observation-constrained ice-sheet model",
  "description": "Paper in Nature Communications by Mattia Poinelli, Eric Rignot, Hélène Seroussi and colleagues that calibrates the ISSM ice-sheet model of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, to observations from 1996 to 2023 and runs it forward to 2100.",
  "tags": [
   "glacier",
   "ice sheet",
   "sea level",
   "Antarctica",
   "calibration",
   "ISSM"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/thwaites-glacier-issm/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/what-is-a-digital-twin",
  "label": "What is a digital twin?",
  "description": "",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-15",
  "url": "/articles/what-is-a-digital-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/whole-systems-models",
  "label": "Are there whole systems models yet?",
  "description": "",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
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  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-15",
  "url": "/articles/whole-systems-models/"
 },
 {
  "id": "articles/wildcity",
  "label": "WildCity: A Real-World City-Scale Testbed for Rendering, Simulation, and Spatial Intelligence",
  "description": "2026 paper by Xiangyu Han, Yiming Li, Chen Feng and colleagues at New York University, May Mobility, NVIDIA and Stanford that introduces a multimodal driving dataset covering six US cities, a 3D Gaussian Splatting reconstruction baseline for city-scale street scenes, and a closed-loop simulator built from the reconstructions.",
  "tags": [
   "city-scale reconstruction",
   "gaussian splatting",
   "driving dataset",
   "closed-loop simulation",
   "neural rendering",
   "spatial intelligence"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
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  "domains": [
   "places"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/articles/wildcity/"
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 {
  "id": "books",
  "label": "Books",
  "description": "Moved to Media.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "redirect",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
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  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/books/"
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 {
  "id": "data-sources/bioregioning-earth",
  "label": "Bioregioning Earth",
  "description": "Public knowledge base from Andrea Farias and the worker cooperative Motiu, with r3.0, that maps organizations doing bioregional and regenerative work around the world, with a shared vocabulary of themes and tags and a bibliography of sources.",
  "tags": [
   "bioregion",
   "organizations",
   "watershed",
   "regenerative",
   "governance",
   "map"
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  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
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  "domains": [
   "ecology",
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  "view": null,
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   "source": "unknown",
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   "participation": "open",
   "note": "free to browse; no reuse licence stated; contributions invited by email"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/data-sources/bioregioning-earth/"
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 {
  "id": "data-sources/blue-corridors-bluecorridors-org",
  "label": "Protecting Blue Corridors",
  "description": "Web map from WWF and partners of whale migration routes built from pooled satellite telemetry, with threat and protection layers alongside; free to browse at bluecorridors.org.",
  "tags": [
   "whales",
   "satellite tracking",
   "migration",
   "ocean",
   "conservation"
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  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
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  "domains": [
   "ecology"
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  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/blue-corridors-bluecorridors-org/"
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 {
  "id": "data-sources/cadi-agricultural-decline-index",
  "label": "CADI, Climate-Driven Agricultural Decline Index",
  "description": "Global 10 km map of observed and projected change in attainable crop yields under climate change, from a team at IAE-CSIC and the Barcelona School of Economics, expressed as the number of people each grid cell could feed.",
  "tags": [
   "crop yields",
   "food security",
   "climate projections",
   "agriculture",
   "SSP scenarios",
   "GAEZ"
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  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
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  "domains": [
   "food",
   "climate"
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  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "The site offers interactive maps only; no download, licence or API is stated."
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  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/data-sources/cadi-agricultural-decline-index/"
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 {
  "id": "data-sources/census-apis",
  "label": "Census APIs",
  "description": "Demographic and socioeconomic datasets.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
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  "depiction": "/data-sources/census-apis.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-09",
  "url": "/data-sources/census-apis/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/climate-reanalyzer",
  "label": "Climate Reanalyzer",
  "description": "Climate Change Institute, University of Maine. Daily charts and day-of-year data for global and regional sea surface temperature, 2 m air temperature and sea ice extent, drawn from NOAA OISST and ECMWF ERA5.",
  "tags": [
   "sea surface temperature",
   "reanalysis",
   "sea ice",
   "daily",
   "climate"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "water"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/climate-reanalyzer/"
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 {
  "id": "data-sources/copernicus-data-space",
  "label": "Copernicus Data Space",
  "description": "Satellite observations and Earth-observation processing.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
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  "domains": [
   "places",
   "climate"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
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  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-09",
  "url": "/data-sources/copernicus-data-space/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/coralscapes-coralscapesv2",
  "label": "Coralscapes and CoralscapesV2",
  "description": "Densely annotated underwater image datasets of Red Sea coral reefs from EPFL and partners for training segmentation models; V2 adds panoptic labels, 95 classes and fish instances, and is the training data behind DeepReefMap.",
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   "coral reefs",
   "segmentation",
   "underwater imagery",
   "training data",
   "red sea"
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  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
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  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "sensory"
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  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
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   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0 (V2); V1 licence not stated"
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  "depiction": "/data-sources/coralscapes-coralscapesv2.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/coralscapes-coralscapesv2/"
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 {
  "id": "data-sources/cornell-nyc-individual-tree-map",
  "label": "NYC Tree Genus Map",
  "description": "Map and dataset from Cornell researchers of about 1.8 million individual tree crowns in New York City classified to genus from PlanetScope satellite imagery and airborne lidar, including trees on private land and in natural areas; published August 2026.",
  "tags": [
   "urban trees",
   "new york city",
   "lidar",
   "tree species",
   "urban heat"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
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  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (paper); dataset and code licences not stated"
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/cornell-nyc-individual-tree-map.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/cornell-nyc-individual-tree-map/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/ctrees-3d-fuels-model",
  "label": "CTrees 3D Fuels",
  "description": "Lidar-derived model from CTrees of forest fire fuels as one-metre voxels carrying canopy, ladder and ground fuel properties, demonstrated at three US sites and published as open 3D arrays for fire models to read.",
  "tags": [
   "wildfire",
   "fuels",
   "lidar",
   "forest structure",
   "voxels"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "fire",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/ctrees-3d-fuels-model/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/geoexpertqueries",
  "label": "GeoExpertQueries",
  "description": "Benchmark from Google Research of open-ended GIS analysis problems written and cross-checked by geospatial experts, used to test how well an AI agent plans an expert-level spatial analysis.",
  "tags": [
   "benchmark",
   "gis",
   "ai agents",
   "geospatial reasoning",
   "evaluation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0 (code); CC BY 4.0 (data)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/geoexpertqueries/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/geoktools",
  "label": "GeoKTools",
  "description": "Benchmark from Google Research of generated geospatial queries with known answers that require chaining one to four kinds of geospatial tool; used to test an AI agent's multi-step tool use and exact spatial computation.",
  "tags": [
   "benchmark",
   "tool use",
   "ai agents",
   "geospatial reasoning",
   "evaluation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0 (code); CC BY 4.0 (data)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/geoktools/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/global-nature-watch",
  "label": "Global Nature Watch",
  "description": "Online platform from the World Resources Institute, until 2026 called Global Forest Watch, that publishes free global data, maps and alerts on forests and is widening its coverage to grasslands, farmland and trees outside forests.",
  "tags": [
   "forests",
   "deforestation",
   "tree cover loss",
   "alerts",
   "satellite",
   "land cover"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "The pages read call the data open and free but state no licence."
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/global-nature-watch.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/data-sources/global-nature-watch/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/global-safety-net-v3-gsn3",
  "label": "Global Safety Net v3",
  "description": "Global map from One Earth and Nature Data Lab of lands and inland waters important for biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate, with land cover and conservation status, designed to be updated every year; launched September 2026 as a free web viewer.",
  "tags": [
   "conservation",
   "biodiversity",
   "land cover",
   "protected areas",
   "global"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/global-safety-net-v3-gsn3.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/global-safety-net-v3-gsn3/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/inaturalist-service-in-arcgis-living-atlas",
  "label": "iNaturalist Species Observations",
  "description": "Esri feature service in ArcGIS Living Atlas that serves iNaturalist's research-grade observations worldwide, refreshed monthly, with hexagon summaries at small scales.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "gis",
   "observations",
   "living atlas",
   "feature service"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Esri Master License Agreement"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/inaturalist-service-in-arcgis-living-atlas/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/inaturalist",
  "label": "iNaturalist",
  "description": "Community platform where people photograph plants, animals and fungi and others identify them; the observations are published as open biodiversity data for research and conservation.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "species",
   "observations",
   "community science",
   "open data"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open"
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/inaturalist.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/inaturalist/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources",
  "label": "Data",
  "description": "Sources of data a model of a place can be fed with.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/data-sources/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/noaa-gml-co2-trends",
  "label": "NOAA GML Trends in CO2",
  "description": "NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory's record of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory since 1974, as daily, weekly, monthly and annual means, with a global mean series.",
  "tags": [
   "carbon dioxide",
   "greenhouse gases",
   "Mauna Loa",
   "time series"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "US public domain"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/noaa-gml-co2-trends/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/nsidc-sea-ice-index",
  "label": "NSIDC Sea Ice Index",
  "description": "National Snow and Ice Data Center's running record of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent and concentration, daily and monthly, from November 1978 to the present. Version 4.",
  "tags": [
   "sea ice",
   "Arctic",
   "Antarctic",
   "polar",
   "time series"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/nsidc-sea-ice-index/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/nvidia-strata-scream",
  "label": "STRATA-SCREAM",
  "description": "Global storm-resolving atmosphere simulation output from the DOE E3SM project's SCREAM model, repackaged by NVIDIA as Zarr on Hugging Face for training and testing machine-learning weather and climate emulators.",
  "tags": [
   "climate simulation",
   "atmosphere",
   "training data",
   "zarr",
   "emulator",
   "global"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "note": "Simulation output, not observations."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/data-sources/nvidia-strata-scream/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/openstreetmap-osm",
  "label": "OpenStreetMap",
  "description": "Volunteer-built open map database of the world, covering roads, buildings, land use and places; the base layer most digital twins of places start from.",
  "tags": [
   "map",
   "open data",
   "roads",
   "buildings",
   "geospatial"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "ODbL"
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/openstreetmap-osm.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/openstreetmap-osm/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/orcapelago",
  "label": "Orcapelago",
  "description": "Web map of orca and other whale sightings in the Salish Sea, placed on the map from the narrative reports in Orca Network newsletters.",
  "tags": [
   "orca",
   "whales",
   "sightings",
   "salish sea",
   "map"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/orcapelago.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/orcapelago/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/protected-planet",
  "label": "Protected Planet",
  "description": "UNEP-WCMC's record of the world's protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, the World Database on Protected Areas, updated monthly from government and other submissions and downloadable from the site.",
  "tags": [
   "protected areas",
   "biodiversity",
   "global",
   "monthly",
   "wdpa"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly",
   "note": "The database can be downloaded from the site and is built from submissions by governments, NGOs, landowners and communities; its terms of use were not read for this entry."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/data-sources/protected-planet/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/us-energy-data",
  "label": "US Energy Data",
  "description": "Website from the Institute for Progress that charts US energy production, consumption, prices and grid reliability, nationally and for every state, from open government data such as the EIA.",
  "tags": [
   "electricity",
   "energy prices",
   "grid reliability",
   "generation",
   "US states",
   "charts"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY-SA 4.0 for the charts; underlying data under third-party licences",
   "note": "Readers may suggest charts or datasets by a form on the site."
  },
  "depiction": "/data-sources/us-energy-data.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/data-sources/us-energy-data/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/usgs-water-data",
  "label": "USGS Water Data",
  "description": "Stream, groundwater and other water observations.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-09",
  "url": "/data-sources/usgs-water-data/"
 },
 {
  "id": "data-sources/wikimedia-enterprise-openstreetmap-joined-dataset",
  "label": "Linked OpenStreetMap, Wikidata, Wikipedia and Wikivoyage dataset",
  "description": "Wikimedia Enterprise's open Parquet dataset joining about 17 million OpenStreetMap features to Wikidata items, Wikipedia and Wikivoyage articles, built by Michal Migurski.",
  "tags": [
   "openstreetmap",
   "wikidata",
   "linked data",
   "parquet",
   "places"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "datasource"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC0 (links and Wikidata tables); ODbL (OpenStreetMap table); CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikipedia and Wikivoyage tables)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/data-sources/wikimedia-enterprise-openstreetmap-joined-dataset/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/climate",
  "label": "Weather & climate",
  "description": "Weather and climate: forecasts, reanalyses, heat, drought and the models that project them.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/climate/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/climate/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/ecology",
  "label": "Living systems",
  "description": "Living systems: habitats, species, reefs, forests and the models that follow them over time.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/ecology/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/ecology/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/energy",
  "label": "Energy",
  "description": "Energy: grids, generation, demand and the networks that carry it.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/energy/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/energy/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/fire",
  "label": "Fire",
  "description": "Fire: wildfire risk, spread and the exposure of people and places.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/fire/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/fire/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/food",
  "label": "Food & land",
  "description": "Food and land: farming, crops, soils, land use and what the land yields.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/food/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/food/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains",
  "label": "Domains",
  "description": "The ten themes a place can be modelled in, each with its symbol and colour.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "domains",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/mobility",
  "label": "Movement & logistics",
  "description": "Movement and logistics: traffic, transit, crowds, shipping and the networks that move people and goods.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/mobility/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/mobility/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/people",
  "label": "People & society",
  "description": "People and society: population, health, decisions and the ways people take part.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/people/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/people/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/places",
  "label": "Cities & places",
  "description": "Cities and places: buildings, streets, 3D city models and the twins of whole towns and regions.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/places/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/places/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/sensory",
  "label": "Sensory landscape",
  "description": "Sensory landscape: sound, light, air and how a place is felt.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/sensory/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/sensory/"
 },
 {
  "id": "domains/water",
  "label": "Water",
  "description": "Water: rivers, floods, coasts, oceans and the supply and quality of water.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "domain"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/domains/water/symbol.svg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/domains/water/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/3dtrees-earth",
  "label": "3Dtrees.earth",
  "description": "Open platform from the GeoSense group at the University of Freiburg, with GFZ and partner institutes, where researchers upload laser scans of forests, have them processed into segmented trees, inspect them in the browser and download them.",
  "tags": [
   "forest",
   "lidar",
   "point cloud",
   "trees",
   "open data",
   "research"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "note": "Contributors choose whether a dataset is public, view-only or private; public datasets can be browsed without an account and downloaded with one, and private downloads need the owner's approval. The site does not say what licence datasets carry. Documented programmatic access is on the roadmap, not yet offered."
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/3dtrees-earth.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/3dtrees-earth/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/adaptbase-adaptbase-search",
  "label": "AdaptBase",
  "description": "Knowledge graph of urban climate adaptation plans from the Urban Tech Hub at Cornell Tech; AI agents read city plans and extract actions, hazards, outcomes and costs, each traced to its source sentence.",
  "tags": [
   "adaptation",
   "climate",
   "cities",
   "knowledge graph",
   "plans"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "climate",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/adaptbase-adaptbase-search/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/aifs",
  "label": "AIFS",
  "description": "ECMWF's machine-learning global weather model, run operationally beside its physics-based system since 2025; weights published openly.",
  "tags": [
   "weather",
   "forecast",
   "machine learning",
   "ecmwf",
   "global"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (weights); Apache 2.0 (notebooks and scripts)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/aifs/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/aimsun",
  "label": "Aimsun",
  "description": "Aimsun's real-time traffic management twin, Aimsun Live, uses live and historical data to simulate a road network and forecast conditions; the same company makes the Aimsun Next transport simulation software.",
  "tags": [
   "traffic",
   "buses",
   "real-time"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "closed",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/aimsun.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/aimsun/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/alphaearth-prithvi",
  "label": "AlphaEarth / Prithvi",
  "description": "Geospatial foundation models from Google DeepMind (AlphaEarth Foundations, released as an embeddings dataset in Google Earth Engine) and from NASA with IBM (Prithvi Geospatial, open source on Hugging Face), for mapping and land-change tasks.",
  "tags": [
   "satellite",
   "foundation model",
   "embeddings"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/alphaearth-prithvi/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/anuga",
  "label": "ANUGA",
  "description": "Open-source shallow-water solver from Geoscience Australia and the Australian National University for simulating floods, tsunamis and storm surge.",
  "tags": [
   "flood",
   "tsunami",
   "hydrodynamics",
   "shallow water",
   "python"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/anuga/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/anylogic",
  "label": "AnyLogic",
  "description": "AnyLogic's simulation software combines agent-based, discrete-event and system-dynamics modelling in one model, with libraries for road traffic, pedestrians and rail and the option to place models on GIS maps.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "pedestrians",
   "traffic"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/anylogic.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/anylogic/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/aurora",
  "label": "Aurora",
  "description": "Microsoft Research foundation model for the Earth system, fine-tuned for global weather, air pollution and ocean-wave forecasting; code and weights open under MIT.",
  "tags": [
   "weather",
   "forecast",
   "foundation model",
   "air quality",
   "waves"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/aurora.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/aurora/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/azure-digital-twins-aws-iot-twinmaker",
  "label": "Azure Digital Twins / AWS IoT TwinMaker",
  "description": "Cloud services from Microsoft (Azure Digital Twins) and Amazon (AWS IoT TwinMaker) for describing the entities and relationships in a place and connecting them to live device data.",
  "tags": [
   "cloud",
   "IoT",
   "knowledge graph"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/azure-digital-twins-aws-iot-twinmaker/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/bentley-itwin",
  "label": "Bentley iTwin",
  "description": "Bentley Systems' iTwin Platform and its open-source iTwin.js library combine engineering, reality, GIS and IoT data into infrastructure digital twins that developers build applications on.",
  "tags": [
   "BIM",
   "infrastructure",
   "SDK"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/bentley-itwin.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/bentley-itwin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/bmap",
  "label": "Bmap",
  "description": "Hosted web tool from Bmap that turns a drawn bounding box anywhere on Earth into a low-poly 3D model of that place, with terrain, buildings, roads, coastline and trees from open geographic data, viewable in the browser and exportable as GLB.",
  "tags": [
   "3D city",
   "OpenStreetMap",
   "game engine",
   "GLB export",
   "terrain",
   "browser"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "Built from open data (OpenStreetMap, Overture, Copernicus GLO-30, IGN, ESA WorldCover); the site says the pipeline itself is kept private."
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/bmap.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/bmap/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/cadnaa",
  "label": "CadnaA",
  "description": "Commercial software from DataKustik GmbH in Germany that calculates, maps and assesses environmental noise from roads, railways, industry and aircraft, from a single site to a whole city.",
  "tags": [
   "noise",
   "acoustics",
   "noise mapping",
   "traffic noise",
   "barriers"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "commercial; one-time purchase or subscription, on-premises dongle or cloud licensing",
   "note": "Sold as licensed Windows software in several product tiers; a free demo version can be downloaded."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/cadnaa/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/circuitscape",
  "label": "Circuitscape",
  "description": "Open-source program that borrows algorithms from electronic circuit theory to predict how animals, plants and genes move across a landscape, treating every possible path at once; written in Julia.",
  "tags": [
   "habitat connectivity",
   "wildlife corridors",
   "circuit theory",
   "landscape ecology",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "MIT",
   "note": "Code is on GitHub under the MIT licence; the project asks for bug reports on GitHub issues and is looking for new contributors and maintainers."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/circuitscape/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/climate-indices-climate-indices",
  "label": "climate_indices",
  "description": "Open-source Python library by James Adams that computes drought, fire and flood-potential indices such as SPI, SPEI, the Palmer family and KBDI from station or gridded precipitation and temperature.",
  "tags": [
   "drought",
   "wildfire",
   "flood",
   "indices",
   "python",
   "climate"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "water",
   "fire"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "BSD-3-Clause"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/climate-indices-climate-indices/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/climate-x-urbanfootprint",
  "label": "Climate X / UrbanFootprint",
  "description": "Two commercial climate-risk platforms: Climate X's Spectra turns physical climate hazards into asset-level financial loss figures worldwide; UrbanFootprint's Resilience Insights combine hazard, community and land-use data for any location in the United States.",
  "tags": [
   "climate risk",
   "wildfire",
   "parcels"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "fire"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "closed",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/climate-x-urbanfootprint/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/comapeo-awana-digital",
  "label": "CoMapeo",
  "description": "Open-source Android app from the non-profit Awana Digital for territory monitoring and mapping, co-designed with Indigenous communities; teams record observations on a map and share them peer to peer.",
  "tags": [
   "mapping",
   "indigenous",
   "territory",
   "monitoring",
   "android",
   "community"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/comapeo-awana-digital/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/community-fish-detector-cfd",
  "label": "Community Fish Detector",
  "description": "Open single-class fish detector built by Filippo Varini and a group of contributors, trained on seventeen open datasets pooled into one; finds fish in underwater images and video from any camera or habitat.",
  "tags": [
   "fish",
   "detection",
   "underwater",
   "computer vision",
   "marine",
   "open weights"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0 (RF-DETR models); AGPL-3.0 (YOLOv12x)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/community-fish-detector-cfd/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/cool-cities-lab",
  "label": "Cool Cities Lab",
  "description": "World Resources Institute's web tool that maps heat hazard, exposure and cooling opportunity in a city and estimates how much street trees, cool roofs or shade structures would lower air temperature and thermal stress, at neighbourhood and city scale.",
  "tags": [
   "urban heat",
   "heat adaptation",
   "tree planting",
   "cool roofs",
   "shade",
   "thermal comfort"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (data, graphics, charts and maps)",
   "note": "WRI says the platform is fully open source; no code repository is linked"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/cool-cities-lab.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/cool-cities-lab/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/credo",
  "label": "CReDO",
  "description": "Connected Places Catapult's Climate Resilience Demonstrator (CReDo) models the dependencies between energy, water, telecoms and transport networks to show how extreme weather cascades from one to another.",
  "tags": [
   "resilience",
   "cascading failure",
   "UK"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/credo.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/credo/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/dafni-asu-cici-and-sparc",
  "label": "DAFNI / ASU CICI and SPARC",
  "description": "DAFNI is a UK computing platform for national-infrastructure research; SPARC and the CICI Lab at Arizona State University, led by Wenwen Li, do GeoAI and cyberinfrastructure research for environmental and disaster applications.",
  "tags": [
   "research",
   "GeoAI",
   "UK"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/dafni-asu-cici-and-sparc.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/dafni-asu-cici-and-sparc/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/deepreefmap",
  "label": "DeepReefMap",
  "description": "Open-source pipeline from EPFL's ECEO lab that turns handheld underwater video of coral reefs into labelled 3D point clouds, orthomosaics and benthic cover statistics.",
  "tags": [
   "coral",
   "reef",
   "3d reconstruction",
   "segmentation",
   "underwater",
   "video"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/deepreefmap.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/deepreefmap/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/delft-fews-flood-hub-integration",
  "label": "Delft-FEWS import of Google Flood Hub forecasts",
  "description": "Feature of Deltares' Delft-FEWS forecasting platform, from version 2026.02, that pulls Google Flood Hub river forecasts and flood status through Google's Flood Forecasting API so forecasters can compare them with their own models and observations.",
  "tags": [
   "flood",
   "forecast",
   "river",
   "hydrology",
   "deltares",
   "google"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/delft-fews-flood-hub-integration/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/deltares-delft3d",
  "label": "Deltares Delft3D",
  "description": "Deltares' Delft3D FM Suite models water flow, transport of matter and morphology in coastal, estuarine and river environments.",
  "tags": [
   "hydrodynamics",
   "coast",
   "rivers"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/deltares-delft3d.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/deltares-delft3d/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/destination-earth",
  "label": "Destination Earth",
  "description": "The European Commission's Destination Earth builds digital twins of the Earth system, implemented by ECMWF with ESA and EUMETSAT, for climate change adaptation and weather-induced extremes.",
  "tags": [
   "Earth system",
   "Europe",
   "extremes"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/destination-earth.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/destination-earth/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/dhi",
  "label": "DHI",
  "description": "DHI's CityFlow Live Treatment Plant module (formerly TwinPlant) couples a process model of a wastewater treatment plant to live plant data for monitoring, forecasting and control.",
  "tags": [
   "wastewater",
   "utilities",
   "real-time"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/dhi.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/dhi/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/digital-reefs",
  "label": "Digital Reefs",
  "description": "Project hosted at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to build digital twins of coral reefs, so that the people who manage, conserve and restore reefs can explore a reef in 3D over time and test management options; a low-fidelity prototype exists.",
  "tags": [
   "coral reef",
   "ocean",
   "marine ecosystem",
   "virtual reality",
   "conservation",
   "reef management"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "The pages describe a prototype and a planned network; they do not say how the software or data are released."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/digital-reefs/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/dronemegadetector",
  "label": "DroneMegaDetector",
  "description": "Open object detector from the ConservationDronesAI group, built on RF-DETR, that finds people, mammals and vehicles in drone imagery for wildlife surveys and counts.",
  "tags": [
   "drone",
   "wildlife",
   "detection",
   "aerial",
   "computer vision",
   "survey"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/dronemegadetector/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/dssat",
  "label": "DSSAT",
  "description": "DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) simulates crop growth, development and yield from daily weather, soil and management data, with models for over 45 crops; free to download.",
  "tags": [
   "crops",
   "agriculture",
   "yield"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/dssat/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/earth-genome-earth-index",
  "label": "Earth Genome / Earth Index",
  "description": "Earth Genome's hosted search tool for satellite imagery; a user labels a few known sites and it finds similar places anywhere on Earth, for detecting mines, cattle facilities, airstrips and other land change.",
  "tags": [
   "satellite imagery",
   "foundation models",
   "environmental monitoring"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/earth-genome-earth-index/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/eclipse-sumo",
  "label": "Eclipse SUMO",
  "description": "Open-source microscopic traffic simulator, an Eclipse Foundation project; models road vehicles, public transport, bicycles and pedestrians one by one on large networks.",
  "tags": [
   "traffic",
   "microsimulation",
   "multimodal"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "EPL-2.0 / GPL-2.0"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/eclipse-sumo/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/emergentbiome",
  "label": "EmergentBiome Molecular Atlas",
  "description": "Molecular atlas that links microbial genes and transcripts from wetland and coastal sediments to field measurements of methane, nitrous oxide and sulfur, as evidence for blue-carbon projects; contacts are at Ecosphere Blue, whose MethaNet product is built on it.",
  "tags": [
   "methane",
   "blue carbon",
   "microbial",
   "genomics",
   "wetlands",
   "mrv"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/emergentbiome.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/emergentbiome/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/en-roads",
  "label": "En-ROADS",
  "description": "Climate Interactive's global climate simulator, built with MIT Sloan and Ventana Systems; shows how choices in energy, land use and policy change emissions and temperature to 2100.",
  "tags": [
   "climate policy",
   "system dynamics",
   "workshops"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/en-roads/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/esri-arcgis",
  "label": "Esri ArcGIS",
  "description": "Esri's commercial geographic information system; creates, manages, analyses, maps and shares spatial data, and is the geographic base of many city and infrastructure twin projects.",
  "tags": [
   "GIS",
   "3D",
   "BIM"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/esri-arcgis.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/esri-arcgis/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/extend3d",
  "label": "Extend3D",
  "description": "Research model from Seoul National University that generates a town-scale 3D scene from a single image, built on Microsoft's TRELLIS; code released with a CVPR 2026 paper.",
  "tags": [
   "3d generation",
   "town",
   "single image",
   "gaussian splatting",
   "mesh",
   "computer vision"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT",
   "note": "Code on GitHub under MIT; the quick start loads pretrained TRELLIS weights."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/extend3d/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/extinction-explorer",
  "label": "Extinction Explorer",
  "description": "Prototype web app by Hannah Nisonson of Esri's Applications Prototype Lab that links a 3D map of species observations in the San Bernardino National Forest with a 3D food-web graph, and shows what else is affected when a species is removed.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "knowledge graph",
   "food web",
   "species",
   "arcgis",
   "3d"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/extinction-explorer/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/firevision-opalai",
  "label": "FireVision",
  "description": "Wildfire risk platform from Opal AI Inc. of Marina del Rey, California, that combines imagery, lidar, GIS, weather and field data into risk rankings and mitigation recommendations for utilities, fire agencies and insurers.",
  "tags": [
   "wildfire",
   "risk",
   "utilities",
   "insurance",
   "fuel",
   "mitigation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "fire"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/firevision-opalai.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/firevision-opalai/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/flaim-earthdaily-fire-likelihood-ai-model",
  "label": "Fire Likelihood AI Model (FLAIM)",
  "description": "EarthDaily's wildfire risk model, which combines satellite observations, daily weather and other geospatial data into ignition likelihood, fuel hazard and directional vulnerability layers, sold to insurers in the western United States.",
  "tags": [
   "wildfire",
   "insurance",
   "risk",
   "satellite",
   "fuel",
   "earthdaily"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "fire"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "closed",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/flaim-earthdaily-fire-likelihood-ai-model.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/flaim-earthdaily-fire-likelihood-ai-model/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/frigis",
  "label": "friGIS",
  "description": "Tropocen's browser-based GIS for urban heat adaptation, with a 3D model of a city district, PALM-4U microclimate simulation and a planning editor for comparing cooling measures.",
  "tags": [
   "urban heat",
   "microclimate",
   "climate adaptation",
   "3d city model",
   "germany",
   "planning"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/frigis.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/frigis/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/gama",
  "label": "GAMA",
  "description": "Open-source environment for building and running spatially explicit agent-based simulations; used for urban mobility, evacuation, epidemics, climate adaptation and planning.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "GIS",
   "simulation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "GPL-3.0"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/gama/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/gcam",
  "label": "GCAM",
  "description": "Global Change Analysis Model from the Joint Global Change Research Institute; links energy, water, agriculture and land, the economy and climate in long-run global scenarios.",
  "tags": [
   "integrated assessment",
   "scenarios",
   "emissions"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/gcam/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/geodesignhub",
  "label": "Geodesignhub",
  "description": "Geodesignhub's hosted map-based negotiation platform; groups sketch spatial proposals, bundle them into alternatives and trade them off in facilitated sessions until they agree a plan.",
  "tags": [
   "geodesign",
   "negotiation",
   "stakeholders"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/geodesignhub/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/google-earth-ai-geospatial-reasoning-agent",
  "label": "Google Earth AI Geospatial Reasoning agent",
  "description": "Experimental Gemini-based agent from Google Research that plans a multi-step spatial analysis, calls Earth AI models and geospatial data sources, and returns the result with its plan and sources shown.",
  "tags": [
   "geospatial",
   "agent",
   "gemini",
   "satellite",
   "analysis",
   "gis"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people",
   "climate",
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/google-earth-ai-geospatial-reasoning-agent.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/google-earth-ai-geospatial-reasoning-agent/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/google-earth-ai",
  "label": "Google Earth AI",
  "description": "Google's family of geospatial AI models and agents, covering satellite imagery, weather, floods and population, reached through Google Earth, Earth Engine, BigQuery, Maps Platform and Google Cloud.",
  "tags": [
   "geospatial",
   "satellite",
   "weather",
   "flood",
   "population",
   "foundation model"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people",
   "climate",
   "water",
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/google-earth-ai/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/google-flood-hub",
  "label": "Google Flood Hub",
  "description": "Free public site from Google Research with riverine flood forecasts, flood maps and water trends for river basins in over 150 countries, updated daily; the same forecasts reach Search, Maps and Android and can be pulled by API.",
  "tags": [
   "flood",
   "river",
   "forecast",
   "hydrology",
   "warning",
   "inundation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/google-flood-hub/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/google-hydrological-modeling-framework-unnamed-in-export",
  "label": "OpenHydroNet",
  "description": "Google Research's open-source hydrology framework, a Python package that replicates the LSTM river-flow models behind Flood Hub so forecasters can train or fine-tune them on their own watersheds.",
  "tags": [
   "hydrology",
   "flood",
   "forecast",
   "lstm",
   "open source",
   "river"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache-2.0"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/google-hydrological-modeling-framework-unnamed-in-export/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/gral",
  "label": "GRAL",
  "description": "The Graz Lagrangian Model from Graz University of Technology; simulates the dispersion of pollutants and odour in built-up areas and complex terrain, including low-wind conditions and road tunnel portals.",
  "tags": [
   "air quality",
   "odour",
   "dispersion",
   "pollution",
   "freeware"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "freeware",
   "note": "The model system is a free download after registration on the TU Graz site, with no warranty; the pages read do not say whether the source code is published."
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/gral.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/gral/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/helics-fmi",
  "label": "HELICS / FMI",
  "description": "Two ways to connect separate simulators into one run; HELICS is an open-source co-simulation framework from US national laboratories, and FMI is the Modelica Association's standard for packaging and exchanging dynamic models.",
  "tags": [
   "co-simulation",
   "interoperability",
   "standards"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "BSD-3-Clause (HELICS); CC BY-SA 4.0 (FMI specification); BSD-2-Clause (FMI reference code)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/helics-fmi/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/hydrata",
  "label": "Hydrata",
  "description": "Browser-based flood modelling platform that runs the open-source ANUGA solver in the cloud; users draw a model, run scenarios and compare the results with historic floods, free when the model is shared publicly.",
  "tags": [
   "flood",
   "hydraulics",
   "anuga",
   "cloud",
   "modelling",
   "browser"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT (run_anuga)"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/hydrata.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/hydrata/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/ies",
  "label": "IES",
  "description": "Integrated Environmental Solutions (Glasgow) sells building-performance software; its digital twin tools join physics-based simulation with metered data for energy, carbon and retrofit decisions, from one building to a campus or city.",
  "tags": [
   "buildings",
   "energy modelling",
   "retrofit"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/ies/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines",
  "label": "Engines",
  "description": "Engines, platforms and models that twins are built with.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/engines/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/invest",
  "label": "InVEST",
  "description": "Open-source suite of ecosystem-service models from the Natural Capital Alliance at Stanford; maps and values what nature provides in terrestrial, freshwater, marine, coastal and urban settings.",
  "tags": [
   "ecosystem services",
   "natural capital",
   "conservation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/invest.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/invest/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/laxmi",
  "label": "Laxmi",
  "description": "AI weather model from Schmitt, Jain and co-authors that retrains ECMWF's AIFS on satellite precipitation observations to forecast rain more accurately at the local scale.",
  "tags": [
   "weather",
   "precipitation",
   "forecast",
   "satellite",
   "ai model"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/laxmi/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/lingbot-map",
  "label": "LingBot-Map",
  "description": "Open-source streaming 3D reconstruction model from the Robbyant team at Ant Group; turns a video or image sequence into camera poses, depth and point clouds in one feed-forward pass.",
  "tags": [
   "3d reconstruction",
   "computer vision",
   "point cloud",
   "video",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache-2.0"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/lingbot-map.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/lingbot-map/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/matsim",
  "label": "MATSim",
  "description": "Open-source framework for large-scale agent-based transport simulation, maintained by its contributors and the MATSim Association; simulates every traveller's day on a road and public-transport network.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "transport demand",
   "Java"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/matsim.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/matsim/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/megadetector-pytorch-wildlife-ecosystem",
  "label": "PyTorch-Wildlife and MegaDetector",
  "description": "Open-source family of wildlife detection models and tools from Microsoft's AI for Good Lab; MegaDetector finds animals, people and vehicles in camera-trap images, and PyTorch-Wildlife is the framework that runs it and its siblings for aerial and acoustic data.",
  "tags": [
   "wildlife",
   "camera trap",
   "detection",
   "conservation",
   "open source",
   "computer vision"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT (code); weights vary by variant (MIT, Apache-2.0, AGPL-3.0 or CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/megadetector-pytorch-wildlife-ecosystem.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/megadetector-pytorch-wildlife-ecosystem/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/methanet",
  "label": "MethaNet",
  "description": "Ecosphere Blue's planned assessment service for blue-carbon projects, rating project performance with methane-risk projections drawn from microbial genomic evidence in mangrove sediment.",
  "tags": [
   "blue carbon",
   "methane",
   "mangrove",
   "microbiome",
   "carbon credits"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "climate",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/methanet/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/mirofish",
  "label": "MiroFish",
  "description": "Open-source multi-agent simulation from the MiroFish team, incubated by Shanda Group; builds a population of LLM agents from a seed document such as a news report or policy draft, runs them against each other and writes a report on how the event could unfold.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "LLM agents",
   "public opinion",
   "prediction",
   "social simulation",
   "scenario"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "AGPL-3.0",
   "note": "Needs an OpenAI-compatible LLM API key and a Zep Cloud key to run."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/mirofish/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/multiset-ai-drone-mapping-and-vps",
  "label": "MultiSet AI Drone to VPS",
  "description": "Hosted mapping and visual positioning service from MultiSet AI that turns one drone flight over a site into a localisation map which drones, phones, headsets and robots then query for their position.",
  "tags": [
   "visual positioning",
   "drone mapping",
   "localization",
   "robotics",
   "spatial computing"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/multiset-ai-drone-mapping-and-vps.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/multiset-ai-drone-mapping-and-vps/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/mycosoft-earth-simulator",
  "label": "Mycosoft Earth Simulator",
  "description": "Mycosoft's hosted 3D globe inside its NatureOS platform; it shows environmental layers, the positions of the company's field sensors, historical playback and forecast context, drawing on its MINDEX database of species and observation records.",
  "tags": [
   "globe",
   "environmental monitoring",
   "sensors",
   "fungi",
   "world model",
   "planetary"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "NatureOS lists an API gateway, an SDK and a Worldview API; whether they expose the simulator itself is not stated."
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/mycosoft-earth-simulator.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/engines/mycosoft-earth-simulator/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/neara",
  "label": "Neara",
  "description": "Neara's commercial 3D model of an electricity network, built from a utility's LiDAR, imagery and GIS records; simulates loads, clearances, weather and failure risk on every pole and line.",
  "tags": [
   "power grid",
   "LiDAR",
   "wildfire"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/neara.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/neara/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/niantic-spatial-places-library-real-to-sim-to-real",
  "label": "Niantic Spatial Places Library",
  "description": "Catalogue from Niantic Spatial of 100 real-world environments captured as simulation-ready USDZ scenes, for training and testing robot policies in Isaac Sim and other OpenUSD simulators.",
  "tags": [
   "gaussian splat",
   "simulation",
   "robotics",
   "3d capture",
   "usd"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/niantic-spatial-places-library-real-to-sim-to-real.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/niantic-spatial-places-library-real-to-sim-to-real/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/nvidia-cosmos",
  "label": "NVIDIA Cosmos",
  "description": "NVIDIA's family of world foundation models and tools for physical AI; generates and reasons over video of the physical world for robot training, simulation and synthetic sensor data.",
  "tags": [
   "world model",
   "physical ai",
   "synthetic data",
   "robotics",
   "video generation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "OpenMDW 1.1"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/nvidia-cosmos.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/nvidia-cosmos/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/nvidia-isaac-sim",
  "label": "NVIDIA Isaac Sim",
  "description": "NVIDIA's open-source robotics simulator built on Omniverse and OpenUSD; used to train, test and validate robots in physically based virtual environments and to generate synthetic training data.",
  "tags": [
   "robotics",
   "simulation",
   "synthetic data",
   "openusd",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache-2.0, with an NVIDIA additional software and materials licence"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/nvidia-isaac-sim.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/nvidia-isaac-sim/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/odyssey-3",
  "label": "Odyssey-3",
  "description": "World model from Odyssey that generates an interactive 3D environment from a prompt and predicts how it changes as a person or agent moves and acts in it.",
  "tags": [
   "world model",
   "simulation",
   "robotics",
   "driving",
   "video"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory",
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/odyssey-3.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/odyssey-3/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/openfoam",
  "label": "OpenFOAM",
  "description": "Free, open-source computational fluid dynamics software, maintained in two lines by OpenCFD Ltd and by the OpenFOAM Foundation; used for flow, turbulence, heat and multiphase problems across engineering and science.",
  "tags": [
   "cfd",
   "fluid dynamics",
   "open source",
   "simulation",
   "waves"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "GPL-3.0"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/openfoam.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/openfoam/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/openusd-omniverse",
  "label": "OpenUSD",
  "description": "Universal Scene Description, the open 3D scene format and software platform created by Pixar and now stewarded by the Alliance for OpenUSD; the scene layer under NVIDIA Omniverse and many simulation pipelines.",
  "tags": [
   "3d",
   "scene format",
   "interoperability",
   "usd",
   "omniverse"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/openusd-omniverse/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/overhead-wildlife-locator-owl-megadetector-overhead",
  "label": "MegaDetector-Overhead (OWL)",
  "description": "Open-source detector from the Microsoft AI for Good Lab that finds wildlife in aerial and drone survey imagery; ships the OWL model family and extends MegaDetector from camera traps to overhead views.",
  "tags": [
   "wildlife",
   "drone",
   "aerial survey",
   "detection",
   "counting"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT (code); CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (models and data)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/overhead-wildlife-locator-owl-megadetector-overhead/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/planetary-prediction-engine",
  "label": "Planetary Prediction Engine",
  "description": "Part of Google Earth AI; given a user's local outcome data such as disease rates or crop yields, it picks relevant population and satellite signals and trains models for spatial prediction, downscaling and forecasting.",
  "tags": [
   "geospatial",
   "prediction",
   "public health",
   "satellite",
   "population"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/planetary-prediction-engine.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/planetary-prediction-engine/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/population-dynamics-foundations-pdfm",
  "label": "Population Dynamics Foundation Model (PDFM)",
  "description": "Google Research geospatial foundation model that turns aggregated search trends, place busyness, maps, weather and air quality into an embedding vector per postal code or county, for predicting local health, economic and environmental indicators.",
  "tags": [
   "geospatial",
   "embeddings",
   "population",
   "public health",
   "foundation model"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0 (code); embeddings under Google Terms of Service"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/population-dynamics-foundations-pdfm/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/pypsa-pypsa-eur",
  "label": "PyPSA / PyPSA-Eur",
  "description": "PyPSA is an open-source Python framework from TU Berlin for optimising power and energy systems; PyPSA-Eur is the open model of the European energy system built on it, covering electricity, transport, heating and industry.",
  "tags": [
   "energy system",
   "optimisation",
   "power grid",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/pypsa-pypsa-eur/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/r-avaflow",
  "label": "r.avaflow",
  "description": "Open-source, GIS-supported simulator by Martin Mergili and Shiva P. Pudasaini for rapid mass flows such as landslides, debris flows and glacial lake outburst floods, including chains of one process feeding the next.",
  "tags": [
   "landslide",
   "debris flow",
   "mass flow",
   "outburst flood",
   "simulation",
   "grass gis"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/r-avaflow/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/radiance",
  "label": "Radiance",
  "description": "Open-source lighting simulation from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; uses ray tracing to predict light levels and the appearance of a space before it is built, for daylight and electric light.",
  "tags": [
   "lighting",
   "daylight",
   "ray tracing",
   "glare",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory",
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly",
   "licence": "The Radiance Software License, Version 2.0",
   "note": "Source code and installers are free to download; the official tree is a CVS repository at LBNL, mirrored one-way to GitHub, so changes go through the maintainers rather than pull requests."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/radiance/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/reforest-latam-tnc-gran-chaco-drone-restoration",
  "label": "Gran Chaco drone reforestation pilot",
  "description": "Pilot by The Nature Conservancy Argentina and the startup ReForest Latam that seeds native trees from drones on degraded farmland in Argentina's Gran Chaco.",
  "tags": [
   "reforestation",
   "drone seeding",
   "gran chaco",
   "argentina",
   "native trees"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/reforest-latam-tnc-gran-chaco-drone-restoration.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/reforest-latam-tnc-gran-chaco-drone-restoration/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/replica",
  "label": "Replica",
  "description": "Replica supplies modelled travel activity for US regions and a Scenario service that re-runs its mobility model under changed population, employment or road-closure inputs for transport and regional planning.",
  "tags": [
   "transport",
   "travel demand",
   "synthetic population",
   "scenario"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "closed",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/replica.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/replica/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/sparrow",
  "label": "SPARROW",
  "description": "Open-source, solar-powered edge device from Microsoft's AI for Good Lab that runs camera-trap and bioacoustic AI models on site and sends the results out by satellite or GSM, for biodiversity monitoring in remote places.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "camera trap",
   "bioacoustics",
   "edge ai",
   "satellite",
   "wildlife monitoring"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/sparrow.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/sparrow/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/surfslam",
  "label": "SurfSLAM",
  "description": "Real-time underwater SLAM from the University of Michigan field robotics group that fuses learned stereo depth with IMU, pressure and Doppler velocity log measurements; developed and tested on shipwreck surveys.",
  "tags": [
   "underwater",
   "slam",
   "stereo vision",
   "robotics",
   "shipwreck",
   "3d reconstruction"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (project page); repositories show no licence file"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/surfslam/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/technosylva",
  "label": "Technosylva",
  "description": "Technosylva makes wildfire and extreme-weather risk software for electric utilities and fire agencies, modelling fire behaviour against weather, fuels, terrain and assets.",
  "tags": [
   "wildfire",
   "utilities",
   "fire agencies",
   "power shutoff",
   "risk forecast"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "fire"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/technosylva.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/technosylva/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/timelike",
  "label": "TimeLike",
  "description": "Steve Coy's simulation platform for decision-making: composable causal models of a system, run faster than real time to predict the consequences of possible courses of action and pick among them.",
  "tags": [
   "simulation",
   "decision support",
   "model-based optimization",
   "event-driven"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/timelike/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/uk-ndtp",
  "label": "UK NDTP",
  "description": "The UK government's National Digital Twin Programme, led by the Department for Business and Trade, develops standards, processes and tools for connected digital twins and tests them in demonstrators on the Isle of Wight.",
  "tags": [
   "national programme",
   "standards",
   "demonstrator",
   "Isle of Wight",
   "resilience"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/uk-ndtp.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/uk-ndtp/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/urbanly-citycompass",
  "label": "Urbanly CityCompass",
  "description": "Urbanly's CityCompass simulates the households, firms and developers of a region on its real parcels, month by month in a browser, to compare housing, zoning and transport scenarios.",
  "tags": [
   "land use",
   "housing market",
   "agent-based",
   "zoning",
   "browser"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/urbanly-citycompass.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/urbanly-citycompass/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/urbansim",
  "label": "UrbanSim",
  "description": "UrbanSim is a microsimulation land-use model from UrbanSim Inc., grown out of research led by Paul Waddell, that forecasts real-estate development, prices and household and firm location for regional transport planning.",
  "tags": [
   "land use",
   "microsimulation",
   "real estate",
   "MPO",
   "travel model"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/urbansim/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/vantor-act-illegal-mining-monitoring",
  "label": "ACT and Vantor illegal-mining monitoring",
  "description": "The Amazon Conservation Team and the AARIMO network use Vantor satellite imagery to find and track illegal gold-mining dredges along the Puré River in the Colombian Amazon and pass the findings to enforcement agencies.",
  "tags": [
   "satellite",
   "mining",
   "amazon",
   "enforcement",
   "indigenous",
   "river"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/vantor-act-illegal-mining-monitoring/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/vggt",
  "label": "VGGT-Ω",
  "description": "Feed-forward 3D vision model from Meta AI and Oxford's Visual Geometry Group that predicts camera poses, depth and point clouds from video; used as a reconstruction backend in DeepReefMap for coral reef mapping.",
  "tags": [
   "3d reconstruction",
   "computer vision",
   "depth",
   "camera pose",
   "coral reef",
   "video"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "FAIR Noncommercial Research License"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/vggt.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/vggt/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/vu-city-clara",
  "label": "VU.CITY / CLARA",
  "description": "VU.CITY Limited supplies 3D city models and planning tools for the built environment in UK and Irish cities and New York; CLARA Technologies simulates wind, air quality and temperature street by street from a 3D city model, live in Brussels.",
  "tags": [
   "3D city model",
   "planning",
   "microclimate",
   "air quality",
   "wind"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/vu-city-clara/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/walk-score",
  "label": "Walk Score",
  "description": "A hosted service that rates the walkability of any address from 0 to 100 from the walking distance to nearby amenities and from street measures; its companions Transit Score and Bike Score rate public transport and cycling. Scores are served through a widget and an API.",
  "tags": [
   "walkability",
   "transit",
   "cycling",
   "amenities",
   "scoring"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "closed",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "partly",
   "note": "Scores come through a keyed API and a widget, with branding requirements and a free trial; the method is patented; members of the public can add places that feed the scores."
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/walk-score.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/walk-score/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/wansec",
  "label": "Wave Attenuation: Natural Solutions with Elkhorn Coral (WANSEC)",
  "description": "Caribbean project testing whether dense restored stands of elkhorn coral reduce wave energy and sediment movement along coasts, with sites in Jamaica, Barbados and Antigua & Barbuda; funded by the Caribbean Biodiversity Fund.",
  "tags": [
   "coral",
   "restoration",
   "wave attenuation",
   "coastal protection",
   "caribbean",
   "elkhorn"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/wansec/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/weathernext-nvidia-earth-2",
  "label": "WeatherNext / NVIDIA Earth-2",
  "description": "Two AI weather-forecasting stacks: Google DeepMind's WeatherNext 3, a hosted global model that forecasts hourly and feeds Google products and cloud datasets, and NVIDIA's Earth-2, a family of open models and tools that organisations run on their own GPUs.",
  "tags": [
   "weather forecast",
   "AI model",
   "nowcasting",
   "downscaling",
   "open models"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/weathernext-nvidia-earth-2/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/wildflow-coral",
  "label": "Wildflow Coral",
  "description": "Wildflow's platform for coral reefs, where divers upload footage and get georeferenced 3D models, orthomosaics and bathymetry for tracking a reef over time, with the stated aim of a digital twin of any reef.",
  "tags": [
   "coral",
   "reef",
   "photogrammetry",
   "restoration",
   "monitoring",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/wildflow-coral/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/world-labs-atlas",
  "label": "World Labs / Atlas",
  "description": "World Labs' Atlas is a world model that generates, reconstructs and simulates 3D scenes from text, images and video, in early access with selected partners since September 2026.",
  "tags": [
   "world model",
   "3D reconstruction",
   "gaussian splats",
   "robotics simulation",
   "spatial intelligence"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/world-labs-atlas.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/world-labs-atlas/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/xylem-vue",
  "label": "Xylem Vue",
  "description": "Xylem Vue is Xylem's water-utility software and analytics platform, built with Idrica, that brings SCADA, GIS, meter and other data together with applications for running drinking-water and wastewater networks.",
  "tags": [
   "water utility",
   "network operations",
   "SCADA",
   "leak detection",
   "sewer overflow"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/engines/xylem-vue.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/engines/xylem-vue/"
 },
 {
  "id": "engines/yellowfin-coral-repeat-survey-workflow",
  "label": "Yellowfin",
  "description": "Robotic surface vehicle from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, built by Peter Traykovski and adapted for Anne Cohen's reef work, that photographs shallow coral reefs along GPS-tagged tracks so the same colonies can be checked again after each heat wave.",
  "tags": [
   "coral",
   "reef survey",
   "robot",
   "imagery",
   "bleaching",
   "marshall islands"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/engines/yellowfin-coral-repeat-survey-workflow/"
 },
 {
  "id": "events",
  "label": "Events",
  "description": "Conferences, workshops and calls in GIS and digital twins.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/events/"
 },
 {
  "id": "events/leonardo-earth-climate-and-planetary-imagination",
  "label": "Earth, Climate, and Planetary Imagination",
  "description": "Call for papers from Leonardo/ISAST for a focus section of the journal Leonardo on art, science and technology work about climate, environmental justice and ecological repair; manuscripts due 15 December 2026.",
  "tags": [
   "call for papers",
   "art and science",
   "climate",
   "environmental justice",
   "leonardo"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "event"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/events/leonardo-earth-climate-and-planetary-imagination/"
 },
 {
  "id": "events/planetary-berlin-governing-hydrological-continuities",
  "label": "Planetary Berlin: Governing Hydrological Continuities",
  "description": "Scenario session at the Public Vitality Camp Berlin 2026, moderated by Dark Matter Labs, BiberAmt Berlin and nextlearning e.V., on governing the Berlin–Brandenburg water system across jurisdictions using measures from Berlin's Masterplan Wasser.",
  "tags": [
   "water",
   "governance",
   "berlin",
   "groundwater",
   "peatlands",
   "workshop"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "event"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "people",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/events/planetary-berlin-governing-hydrological-continuities/"
 },
 {
  "id": "events/urban-climate-futures-special-issue",
  "label": "Urban Climate Futures: AI and Smart City Solutions",
  "description": "Special issue call from the journal Sustainability in Smart Cities (Bon View Publishing) on AI and smart-city methods for climate mitigation, adaptation and resilience at building, neighbourhood and city scale, digital twins among the listed topics; submissions due 1 June 2027.",
  "tags": [
   "call for papers",
   "smart cities",
   "urban heat",
   "climate resilience",
   "special issue"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "event"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/events/urban-climate-futures-special-issue/"
 },
 {
  "id": "flows",
  "label": "Flows",
  "description": "Decision paths drawn as diagrams.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/flows/"
 },
 {
  "id": "flows/so-you-want-a-digital-twin",
  "label": "So you want to make a digital twin?",
  "description": "Five questions. Most people get off before the last one.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "flow"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-02",
  "url": "/flows/so-you-want-a-digital-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/build-the-smallest-version",
  "label": "Build the smallest version",
  "description": "One place, one scenario, one output, made quickly and shown to the people who asked. Then grow it only where they push.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": true,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/build-the-smallest-version/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/check-it-against-what-happened",
  "label": "Check it against what happened",
  "description": "Run the model on a past event and compare it with what actually happened, before anyone decides on it.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/check-it-against-what-happened/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/choose-the-kind-of-model",
  "label": "Choose the kind of model",
  "description": "There are a handful of kinds of model, and each answers a different shape of question. Picking the kind is most of the choice; the product comes after.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/choose-the-kind-of-model/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/find-the-data",
  "label": "Find the data",
  "description": "Every model of a place starts from the same few layers. Find them, check them, and write down where they came from and how old they are.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/find-the-data/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides",
  "label": "Guides",
  "description": "Nine stages, from naming the question to keeping the model alive, in order.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/guides/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/keep-it-alive",
  "label": "Keep it alive",
  "description": "Decide whether the model should live on after the decision. If it does, it needs an owner, a data feed, a check and a budget, in writing.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/keep-it-alive/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/name-the-question",
  "label": "Name the question",
  "description": "Write down the one question the model must answer, who will act on the answer, and what they will do differently.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": true,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/name-the-question/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/protect-people-s-privacy",
  "label": "Protect people's privacy",
  "description": "Models of places are models of the people in them. Decide what you will not collect, aggregate the rest, and say in public what you did.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/protect-people-s-privacy/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/put-it-in-front-of-its-users",
  "label": "Put it in front of its users",
  "description": "Make the output fit the meeting, the screen and the person who will use it, then watch them use it.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/put-it-in-front-of-its-users/"
 },
 {
  "id": "guides/talk-to-the-people-affected",
  "label": "Talk to the people affected",
  "description": "Before the model, talk to the people the decision touches. They hold the data you do not have and the questions you did not think of.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "guide"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/guides/talk-to-the-people-affected/"
 },
 {
  "id": "",
  "label": "Digital Twins Wiki",
  "description": "Cities, infrastructure, populations and ecosystems",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "home",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "2026-10-15",
  "url": "/"
 },
 {
  "id": "mandates/global-biodiversity-framework",
  "label": "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework",
  "description": "The global biodiversity agreement adopted by the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022: four goals for 2050 and twenty-three targets for 2030, which each Party committed to turn into national targets.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "conservation",
   "global targets",
   2030,
   2050,
   "convention on biological diversity"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "mandate"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/mandates/global-biodiversity-framework/"
 },
 {
  "id": "mandates",
  "label": "Mandates",
  "description": "The targets, laws and pledges that send people to a model: what each requires, by when, and the question it raises.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/mandates/"
 },
 {
  "id": "mandates/thirty-by-thirty",
  "label": "30 by 30: conserve 30% of land, waters and seas by 2030",
  "description": "Target 3 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted under the Convention on Biological Diversity: by 2030 at least 30 per cent of land, inland waters and coastal and marine areas effectively conserved through protected areas and other area-based measures.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity",
   "protected areas",
   "conservation",
   "global target",
   2030
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "mandate"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/mandates/thirty-by-thirty/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/a-vast-machine",
  "label": "A Vast Machine",
  "description": "Paul Edwards's 2010 history of how climate knowledge is made from models and data together, from early weather observation to global climate simulation.",
  "tags": [
   "climate",
   "models",
   "data",
   "history",
   "infrastructure"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/a-vast-machine/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/a-vast-machine/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/agent-based-modelling-and-geographical-information-systems",
  "label": "Agent-Based Modelling and Geographical Information Systems",
  "description": "A practical primer from Crooks, Malleson, Manley and Heppenstall, 2019, on building agent-based models of people in places and linking them to GIS, with worked examples in NetLogo.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "gis",
   "netlogo",
   "textbook",
   "practical"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people",
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/agent-based-modelling-and-geographical-information-systems/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/agent-based-modelling-and-geographical-information-systems/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/agent-based-models-of-geographical-systems",
  "label": "Agent-Based Models of Geographical Systems",
  "description": "Edited volume from Heppenstall, Crooks, See and Batty, 2012, collecting the foundations, methods and applications of agent-based modelling of geographic systems.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "geography",
   "simulation",
   "methods",
   "edited volume"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/agent-based-models-of-geographical-systems/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/agent-based-models-of-geographical-systems/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/cities-and-complexity",
  "label": "Cities and Complexity",
  "description": "Michael Batty's 2005 account of modelling cities with cellular automata, agent-based models and fractals, the bottom-up methods under much of today's urban simulation.",
  "tags": [
   "cities",
   "cellular automata",
   "agent-based",
   "fractals",
   "simulation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/cities-and-complexity/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/cities-and-complexity/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/digital-twin-computing-for-urban-intelligence",
  "label": "Digital Twin Computing for Urban Intelligence",
  "description": "Edited volume from Pourroostaei Ardakani and Cheshmehzangi, 2024, on digital twin concepts, strategies and case studies for urban planning and sustainability.",
  "tags": [
   "digital twin",
   "urban planning",
   "sustainability",
   "case studies",
   "edited volume"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/digital-twin-computing-for-urban-intelligence/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/digital-twin-hub-youtube",
  "label": "Digital Twin Hub on YouTube",
  "description": "Recordings of the Gemini Call, the Digital Twin Hub's weekly stand-up, with a guest project each week; UK infrastructure and the National Digital Twin programme.",
  "tags": [
   "video",
   "uk",
   "infrastructure"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "video"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/digital-twin-hub-youtube/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/digital-twin-technologies-and-smart-cities",
  "label": "Digital Twin Technologies and Smart Cities",
  "description": "Edited volume from Farsi, Daneshkhah, Hosseinian-Far and Jahankhani, 2019, on using digital twins to monitor, diagnose and forecast city infrastructure, with attention to security.",
  "tags": [
   "digital twin",
   "smart cities",
   "infrastructure",
   "iot",
   "edited volume"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/digital-twin-technologies-and-smart-cities/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/digital-twin-technologies-and-smart-cities/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/ecmwf-youtube",
  "label": "ECMWF on YouTube",
  "description": "Talks and project videos from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, home of the Destination Earth digital twins; filtered here for twin, simulation and earth-system items.",
  "tags": [
   "video",
   "weather",
   "earth system"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "video"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/ecmwf-youtube/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/geodesign-urban-digital-twins-and-futures",
  "label": "Geodesign, Urban Digital Twins, and Futures",
  "description": "Paul Cureton and Elliot Hartley's 2025 book on the tools now used to plan, map and design the built environment: urban digital twins, GeoBIM, collaborative geodesign, immersive environments and futures methods.",
  "tags": [
   "geodesign",
   "urban digital twin",
   "geobim",
   "planning",
   "futures"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/geodesign-urban-digital-twins-and-futures/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/geomob",
  "label": "Geomob podcast",
  "description": "Weekly podcast from the Geomob meetup community with geo founders and practitioners; matched here for twin, 3D, city and climate episodes.",
  "tags": [
   "podcast",
   "geospatial",
   "community"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "podcast"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/geomob/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/growing-artificial-societies",
  "label": "Growing Artificial Societies",
  "description": "Epstein and Axtell's 1996 Sugarscape experiments, which showed how migration, inequality, trade and conflict can grow from simple agents on a landscape; the founding book of agent-based social simulation.",
  "tags": [
   "agent-based",
   "sugarscape",
   "emergence",
   "social simulation",
   "history"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/growing-artificial-societies/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media",
  "label": "Media",
  "description": "Books, podcasts and video channels on modelling places and systems.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/media/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/inventing-future-cities",
  "label": "Inventing Future Cities",
  "description": "Michael Batty's 2018 book on why the future of cities can be invented but not predicted, and what that means for anyone who models them.",
  "tags": [
   "cities",
   "prediction",
   "complexity",
   "planning",
   "data"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/inventing-future-cities/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/inventing-future-cities/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/manual-of-digital-earth",
  "label": "Manual of Digital Earth",
  "description": "Open-access reference edited by Guo, Goodchild and Annoni, 2020, on the vision, technologies and uses of a digital model of the whole planet.",
  "tags": [
   "digital earth",
   "remote sensing",
   "geospatial",
   "open access",
   "reference"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/manual-of-digital-earth/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/mapscaping",
  "label": "The MapScaping Podcast",
  "description": "Weekly geospatial podcast by Daniel O'Donohue with interviews on GIS, remote sensing and earth observation; matched here for twin, 3D, point-cloud, city and climate episodes.",
  "tags": [
   "podcast",
   "geospatial"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "podcast"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/mapscaping/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/mirror-worlds",
  "label": "Mirror Worlds",
  "description": "David Gelernter's 1991 book that first described software models of real places and institutions, fed by live data, that anyone could look into; the idea the digital twin of a place grows from.",
  "tags": [
   "origin",
   "mirror world",
   "software",
   "city",
   "history"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/mirror-worlds/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/mirror-worlds/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/santa-fe-institute-youtube",
  "label": "Santa Fe Institute on YouTube",
  "description": "Public lectures and seminars from the Santa Fe Institute on complex systems; filtered here for simulation, agent-based and scenario talks.",
  "tags": [
   "video",
   "complexity",
   "lectures"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "video"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/santa-fe-institute-youtube/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/seeing-like-a-state",
  "label": "Seeing Like a State",
  "description": "James C. Scott's 1998 study of why large schemes to reorder nature and society from above have failed, and of the local knowledge their simplified maps leave out.",
  "tags": [
   "legibility",
   "planning",
   "state",
   "critique",
   "local knowledge"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/seeing-like-a-state/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/seeing-like-a-state/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/the-flux",
  "label": "The Flux by Epistemix",
  "description": "Podcast from Epistemix on agent-based modelling and what-if questions, hosted by John Cordier, with modellers from public health, archaeology and complexity science.",
  "tags": [
   "podcast",
   "agent-based modelling"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "podcast"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/the-flux/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/the-limits-to-growth",
  "label": "The Limits to Growth",
  "description": "The 1972 Club of Rome report by Meadows, Meadows, Randers and Behrens that used the World3 system-dynamics model to ask whether exponential growth in population and industry could continue on a finite planet.",
  "tags": [
   "system dynamics",
   "world model",
   "club of rome",
   "resources",
   "history"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/the-limits-to-growth/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/the-new-science-of-cities",
  "label": "The New Science of Cities",
  "description": "Michael Batty's 2013 argument that cities are flows and networks rather than fixed artefacts, with the models that follow from treating them that way.",
  "tags": [
   "cities",
   "networks",
   "flows",
   "simulation",
   "complexity"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "mobility",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/the-new-science-of-cities/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/the-new-science-of-cities/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/the-smart-enough-city",
  "label": "The Smart Enough City",
  "description": "Ben Green's 2019 argument that cities should use technology as a tool for democratic and equitable ends rather than treat it as the goal, with cases of smart-city projects gone wrong and alternatives.",
  "tags": [
   "smart cities",
   "critique",
   "equity",
   "technology",
   "policy"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people",
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/the-smart-enough-city/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/the-smart-enough-city/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/the-weather-machine",
  "label": "The Weather Machine",
  "description": "Andrew Blum's 2019 account of the global system of stations, satellites, supercomputer models and institutions behind the daily weather forecast.",
  "tags": [
   "weather",
   "forecasting",
   "infrastructure",
   "climate",
   "narrative"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/the-weather-machine/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/the-weather-machine/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/thinking-in-systems",
  "label": "Thinking in Systems",
  "description": "Donella Meadows's primer on systems thinking, published in 2008 from her draft manuscript, on stocks, flows, feedback and the places where a system can be changed.",
  "tags": [
   "systems thinking",
   "feedback",
   "stocks and flows",
   "leverage points",
   "primer"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/thinking-in-systems/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/thinking-in-systems/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/urban-dynamics",
  "label": "Urban Dynamics",
  "description": "Jay Forrester's 1969 system-dynamics model of a city as feedback loops among population, housing and industry, the first computer model to simulate a whole city's life cycle.",
  "tags": [
   "system dynamics",
   "cities",
   "feedback",
   "policy",
   "history"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/urban-dynamics/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/urban-informatics",
  "label": "Urban Informatics",
  "description": "Open-access edited volume from Shi, Goodchild, Batty, Kwan and Zhang, 2021, on the data, methods and infrastructure used to sense, model and run cities.",
  "tags": [
   "urban informatics",
   "smart cities",
   "data",
   "remote sensing",
   "open access"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "sensory",
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/urban-informatics/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/weatherpod",
  "label": "The WeatherPod",
  "description": "Podcast of the Global Weather Enterprise Forum on the value of weather and climate information, hosted by Alan Thorpe and David Rogers; its AI series includes an episode on digital twins of the planet.",
  "tags": [
   "podcast",
   "weather",
   "climate"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "podcast"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/weatherpod/"
 },
 {
  "id": "media/world-dynamics",
  "label": "World Dynamics",
  "description": "Jay Forrester's 1971 system-dynamics model of the world as one system of population, capital, food, resources and pollution; the model behind The Limits to Growth.",
  "tags": [
   "system dynamics",
   "world model",
   "resources",
   "population",
   "history"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/media/world-dynamics/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/media/world-dynamics/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/city2graph",
  "label": "City2Graph",
  "description": "Open-source Python library by Yuta Sato and colleagues that turns buildings, streets, transit feeds, origin–destination matrices, zones and points of interest into graphs for network analysis in NetworkX and for graph neural networks in PyTorch Geometric.",
  "tags": [
   "graph",
   "graph neural networks",
   "urban morphology",
   "street network",
   "gtfs",
   "python"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "BSD-3-Clause",
   "note": "The API is the Python library itself; there is no hosted service. Contributions are invited on GitHub."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/city2graph/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/cityjson",
  "label": "CityJSON",
  "description": "A JSON encoding of the OGC CityGML data model for 3D city models, with open tools to convert, validate, view and edit files; version 2.0 is an official OGC standard.",
  "tags": [
   "3d city models",
   "standards",
   "citygml",
   "ogc",
   "data model",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "note": "Development is open on GitHub and the project invites contributions."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/cityjson/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/earth-commission-safe-and-just",
  "label": "A just world on a safe planet: Earth-system boundaries, translations, and transformations",
  "description": "A 2024 report in The Lancet Planetary Health by Gupta and colleagues for the Earth Commission, on Earth-system boundaries, their translations and transformations. The Commission's safe and just boundaries cover Earth systems including biodiversity, land, freshwater, nutrients, climate and air pollution.",
  "tags": [
   "planetary boundaries",
   "earth system",
   "justice",
   "climate",
   "freshwater",
   "biodiversity"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/earth-commission-safe-and-just/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies",
  "label": "Ontologies",
  "description": "How the data of a place is cut into things and relations a model can reason about.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/ontologies/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/ontology-monster",
  "label": "ontology.monster",
  "description": "An experiment by Anselm Hook in which a machine reads the news, finds the things each story is about, decides what kinds of things they are, and lets the vocabulary of kinds and parts grow from the text; the things on a map over time, with the source code public.",
  "tags": [
   "ontology",
   "entity extraction",
   "knowledge graph",
   "news",
   "open source",
   "experiment"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "note": "Code on GitHub; analysis can be donated by anyone with a model."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/ontology-monster/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/open-knowledge-format",
  "label": "Open Knowledge Format",
  "description": "An open specification from Google Cloud's Data Cloud team for keeping curated knowledge as a directory of markdown files with YAML frontmatter and ordinary links between them, so that people, AI agents and other tools can read the same files without a translation layer.",
  "tags": [
   "knowledge",
   "markdown",
   "metadata",
   "agents",
   "specification",
   "provenance"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "no",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "Apache 2.0",
   "note": "A file format, not a service: no API, account or SDK is needed to read or write a bundle. Issues, pull requests and other implementations are invited."
  },
  "depiction": "/ontologies/open-knowledge-format.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/open-knowledge-format/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/smart-city-ontology-mediterranean",
  "label": "Conceptualizing Small and Medium-Sized Smart Cities in the Mediterranean Region: An Ontological Approach",
  "description": "A 2019 paper in the International Journal of E-Planning Research by Panagiotopoulou, Kokla and Stratigea of the National Technical University of Athens that extends an existing smart city ontology with concepts and relationships drawn from small and medium-sized Mediterranean cities.",
  "tags": [
   "smart city",
   "ontology",
   "mediterranean",
   "small cities",
   "urban planning",
   "paper"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/smart-city-ontology-mediterranean/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/the-ontology-pipeline",
  "label": "Ontology Pipeline, the book: a review",
  "description": "Jessica Talisman's 2026 book from Technics Publications sets out a method for building a knowledge system in six stages, from controlled vocabulary through taxonomy and thesaurus to ontology and knowledge graph, with a browser Studio and a SKOS editor beside it; read here for what it offers someone modelling a place.",
  "tags": [
   "ontology",
   "taxonomy",
   "knowledge graph",
   "controlled vocabulary",
   "skos",
   "review",
   "method"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "book"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/ontologies/the-ontology-pipeline/cover.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/the-ontology-pipeline/"
 },
 {
  "id": "ontologies/world-earth-taxonomies",
  "label": "Taxonomies for structuring World–Earth models",
  "description": "A 2021 paper in Earth System Dynamics by Donges and colleagues that proposes three taxa of modelled subsystems, biophysical, socio-cultural and socio-metabolic, and a scheme for classifying the interactions between them.",
  "tags": [
   "ontology",
   "taxonomy",
   "earth system",
   "world-earth models",
   "social-ecological",
   "paper"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "article"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "The paper is open access at the journal."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/ontologies/world-earth-taxonomies/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/amazon-ia-amazon-ia",
  "label": "Amazon.ia",
  "description": "Multi-partner initiative, launching in 2026 with founding support from the Bezos Earth Fund, that combines field sensors, environmental DNA and satellite data with AI to report on biodiversity and ecosystem condition across the Amazon.",
  "tags": [
   "amazon",
   "biodiversity",
   "camera traps",
   "bioacoustics",
   "edna",
   "satellite"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/organizations/amazon-ia-amazon-ia.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/amazon-ia-amazon-ia/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/bioregional-financing-facilities-resiliance-discovery-arcs",
  "label": "ResiliAnce Partnership",
  "description": "Partnership of Commonland, Ashoka, The Weaving Lab and Wire Group, formed in March 2025 within the Bioregional Weaving Labs Collective, that is prototyping Bioregional Financing Facilities in three European bioregions and publishing discovery-arc papers on how such facilities should work.",
  "tags": [
   "bioregion",
   "finance",
   "investment",
   "portfolio",
   "regenerative",
   "governance"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/organizations/bioregional-financing-facilities-resiliance-discovery-arcs.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/bioregional-financing-facilities-resiliance-discovery-arcs/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/climate-cartographics",
  "label": "Climate Cartographics",
  "description": "Not-for-profit community interest company in England and Wales that turns environmental data into maps, 3D representations and installations for partners such as councils, architects and research groups.",
  "tags": [
   "visualisation",
   "mapping",
   "climate",
   "uk",
   "communication"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "people",
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/organizations/climate-cartographics.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/organizations/climate-cartographics/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/coastal-assembly",
  "label": "Coastal Assembly",
  "description": "Coastal Assembly, a public benefit company out of MIT's Self-Assembly Lab, models how sand moves along a shoreline from satellite, wave, current and seabed data, then places engineered reef structures so that waves rebuild the beach.",
  "tags": [
   "coastal",
   "erosion",
   "beach",
   "reef",
   "maldives",
   "shoreline"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/organizations/coastal-assembly.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/coastal-assembly/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/digital-twin-hub",
  "label": "Digital Twin Hub",
  "description": "Connected Places Catapult's online community for people working on connected digital twins in the UK; sign-up is needed for most of it.",
  "tags": [
   "uk",
   "community",
   "standards",
   "infrastructure"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly",
   "note": "The resources, learning and member discussions sit behind an account; the news feed and events are public."
  },
  "depiction": "/organizations/digital-twin-hub.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/organizations/digital-twin-hub/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/gloria",
  "label": "GLORIA",
  "description": "Long-term monitoring network that resurveys permanent plots on European mountain summits; its 21 years of data underpin a 2026 Science study reporting rising local extinctions of alpine plants.",
  "tags": [
   "mountains",
   "plants",
   "biodiversity",
   "monitoring",
   "extinction",
   "warming"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/gloria/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations",
  "label": "Organizations",
  "description": "Companies, agencies, labs, programmes and the sites they run.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/organizations/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/localscale",
  "label": "LocalScale",
  "description": "Public benefit organization, based in San Francisco, that connects the communities of a bioregion with regenerative-economy actors and local governments, using blockchain-based tools, a playbook, a funding hub and a seed-exchange programme.",
  "tags": [
   "bioregion",
   "local economy",
   "regenerative",
   "community",
   "blockchain"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/organizations/localscale.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/localscale/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/open-agroecology-lab",
  "label": "Open Agroecology Laboratory",
  "description": "Argentine network of rural organizations, technicians and researchers, grown out of Cooperativa Ayllu, CEFIC and reGOSH in Mendoza, that builds open-hardware instruments and a soil-data web app so farmers can track soil health through agroecological transitions.",
  "tags": [
   "agroecology",
   "soil health",
   "open hardware",
   "farmers",
   "argentina"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/open-agroecology-lab/"
 },
 {
  "id": "organizations/swan-sovereign-wealth-and-nature",
  "label": "SWAN Platform (Sovereign Wealth and Nature)",
  "description": "Platform from Blue Green Future and Global Resilience Partners that helps governments count living nature as part of sovereign wealth; Tonga and Panama are its first partner countries.",
  "tags": [
   "natural capital",
   "sovereign wealth",
   "nature finance",
   "valuation",
   "ocean"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "organization"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/organizations/swan-sovereign-wealth-and-nature/"
 },
 {
  "id": "people",
  "label": "People",
  "description": "Practitioners and thinkers.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/people/"
 },
 {
  "id": "posts",
  "label": "Recent",
  "description": "New entries, newest first.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "recent",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/posts/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/cesiumjs",
  "label": "CesiumJS",
  "description": "Open-source JavaScript library from Cesium for 3D globes and maps in the browser; streams 3D Tiles, terrain, imagery and time-dynamic data on a WGS84 globe.",
  "tags": [
   "3d globe",
   "web",
   "javascript",
   "3d tiles",
   "open source",
   "visualization"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "Apache-2.0"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/presentation/cesiumjs/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/deck-gl",
  "label": "deck.gl",
  "description": "GPU-powered framework for visual exploration of large datasets in the browser, built by composing layers; draws over base maps from MapLibre, Mapbox, Google Maps and ArcGIS.",
  "tags": [
   "visualization",
   "web",
   "webgl",
   "large datasets",
   "open source",
   "javascript"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/presentation/deck-gl/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/forge3d",
  "label": "forge3d",
  "description": "Python package from the GitHub account milos-agathon that renders 3D terrain and thematic maps from elevation, raster and vector data, with a Rust and WebGPU renderer underneath; makes still images, vector files and frame sequences without a GUI.",
  "tags": [
   "terrain",
   "3d map",
   "python",
   "rendering",
   "cartography",
   "path tracing"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "Apache-2.0 OR MIT",
   "note": "Composing map plates, exporting vectors and importing buildings are paid Pro features unlocked by a commercial licence key."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/presentation/forge3d/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/geolibre",
  "label": "GeoLibre",
  "description": "Free, open-source GIS from the opengeos project that loads, styles and analyses geospatial data in a web browser, as a desktop or phone app, or inside a Jupyter notebook, keeping the data on the user's own machine.",
  "tags": [
   "gis",
   "web",
   "maps",
   "open source",
   "geoprocessing",
   "desktop"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "MIT",
   "note": "Plugin API, Python and R packages, and a server API are documented; the GitHub repository takes contributions."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/presentation/geolibre/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation",
  "label": "Presentation",
  "description": "Globes, maps and viewers that let a person see what a model did.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/presentation/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/kepler-gl",
  "label": "kepler.gl",
  "description": "Open-source geospatial analysis tool for large datasets that runs in a browser: load a file, add layers, filter and animate over time, without writing code.",
  "tags": [
   "visualization",
   "web",
   "no code",
   "large datasets",
   "open source",
   "try in a browser"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "MIT"
  },
  "depiction": "/presentation/kepler-gl.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/presentation/kepler-gl/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/maplibre",
  "label": "MapLibre",
  "description": "Open-source map libraries from the MapLibre organization: GL JS for GPU-accelerated vector-tile maps in a web page, Native for mobile, desktop and embedded apps, plus a style specification, a tile format and the Martin tile server.",
  "tags": [
   "maps",
   "web",
   "vector tiles",
   "open source",
   "javascript",
   "visualization"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "BSD-3-Clause"
  },
  "depiction": "/presentation/maplibre.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/presentation/maplibre/"
 },
 {
  "id": "presentation/paraview",
  "label": "ParaView",
  "description": "Open-source data analysis and visualization application from Kitware, used to look at the output of simulations from laptop to supercomputer scale.",
  "tags": [
   "visualization",
   "scientific",
   "post-processing",
   "open source",
   "cfd"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "tool"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "BSD-3-Clause"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/presentation/paraview/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/after-a-closure",
  "label": "Traffic and public transport",
  "description": "Where will traffic go when a road closes or a lane is taken, and can signals or a timetable change keep buses on time?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/after-a-closure/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/combining-proposals",
  "label": "Public discussion and learning",
  "description": "What happens when several proposals or policies are combined, and how do people explore the trade-offs together?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/combining-proposals/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/crowds-and-evacuation",
  "label": "Crowds and evacuation",
  "description": "How will people move through a station, a stadium or a festival, and how long would it take to clear an area in an emergency?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/crowds-and-evacuation/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/electrification",
  "label": "Electricity and energy transitions",
  "description": "As heating, driving and industry move to electricity, where will the network run short, and what mix of wires, storage and generation fixes it?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/electrification/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/flooding",
  "label": "Flooding, rivers and water services",
  "description": "Which areas will flood, how often, and what would a change to a river, a drain or a pump do about it?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": true,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/flooding/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/housing-and-land-use",
  "label": "Housing and land use",
  "description": "If zoning or a transport investment changes, where will homes and jobs go, and who gains and loses?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/housing-and-land-use/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions",
  "label": "Use cases",
  "description": "Questions people bring to a model of a place, and a way through each.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/questions/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/land-use-change",
  "label": "Ecosystems and land management",
  "description": "If land changes use, farm to housing, forest to pasture, floodplain to park, what happens to water, habitat, carbon and food?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "food"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/land-use-change/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/sensory-landscape",
  "label": "Sensory landscape",
  "description": "How do sound, light, smell and barriers shape a place for people and for the other animals that live there?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/sensory-landscape/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/weather-and-climate",
  "label": "Weather and climate",
  "description": "What weather is coming this week, and how will the climate of this place change over decades?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/weather-and-climate/"
 },
 {
  "id": "questions/wildfire",
  "label": "Wildfire and exposure",
  "description": "Where might a fire spread from here, what is exposed, and where would clearing, burning or hardening help most?",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "question"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "fire"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/questions/wildfire/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/arxiv",
  "label": "arXiv",
  "description": "Preprints matching the wiki's vocabulary, from digital twins to urban, agent-based, earth-system, flood and fire models; newest first, through the arXiv API.",
  "tags": [
   "papers",
   "preprints"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/arxiv/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/cityjson",
  "label": "CityJSON",
  "description": "News from the CityJSON project, a JSON encoding of the CityGML data model for 3D city models.",
  "tags": [
   "3d city models",
   "standards"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/cityjson/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/digital-twin-consortium",
  "label": "Digital Twin Consortium",
  "description": "News and publications from the Digital Twin Consortium, an industry consortium for digital twin practice.",
  "tags": [
   "industry",
   "standards"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/digital-twin-consortium/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/digital-twin-hub",
  "label": "Digital Twin Hub",
  "description": "News, events and publications from the Digital Twin Hub, a UK community site for digital twin practitioners.",
  "tags": [
   "uk",
   "community",
   "infrastructure"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/digital-twin-hub/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/github-new",
  "label": "GitHub: new projects",
  "description": "Repositories matching the wiki's vocabulary created in the last four months with at least five stars, ordered by stars: what is new and already being used.",
  "tags": [
   "code",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/sites/github-new/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/github",
  "label": "GitHub: active projects",
  "description": "Repositories matching the wiki's vocabulary with at least twenty stars, not forks, not archived, most recently pushed first: the established tools as they move.",
  "tags": [
   "code",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/github/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/google-news",
  "label": "Google News",
  "description": "News stories matching the wiki's vocabulary, as Google News aggregates them.",
  "tags": [
   "news",
   "press"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/google-news/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/gov-uk-digital-twin",
  "label": "GOV.UK news: digital twin",
  "description": "UK government news and communications matching “digital twin”; a loose match, filtered here by topic words.",
  "tags": [
   "uk",
   "government"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/gov-uk-digital-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/hacker-news",
  "label": "Hacker News",
  "description": "Stories on Hacker News matching the wiki's vocabulary, newest first, through the Algolia search API.",
  "tags": [
   "discussion"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/hacker-news/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites",
  "label": "Sites",
  "description": "Where the news comes from: papers, code, data, press, communities, video and podcasts. The ones with a feed are polled for the inbox.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/sites/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/living-in-eu",
  "label": "Living-in.EU",
  "description": "News from Living-in.EU, a European community of cities and regions on digital transformation, including local digital twins.",
  "tags": [
   "europe",
   "cities"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/living-in-eu/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/mastodon-digitaltwin",
  "label": "#digitaltwin on Mastodon",
  "description": "Posts tagged #digitaltwin on mastodon.social.",
  "tags": [
   "discussion",
   "fediverse"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/mastodon-digitaltwin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/nvidia-omniverse",
  "label": "NVIDIA Blog: Omniverse",
  "description": "Posts on the NVIDIA blog tagged Omniverse, its platform for simulation and industrial digital twins.",
  "tags": [
   "vendor",
   "simulation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/nvidia-omniverse/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/ogc",
  "label": "Open Geospatial Consortium",
  "description": "News from the OGC, the standards body for geospatial interoperability; filtered here for twin-related items.",
  "tags": [
   "standards",
   "geospatial"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/ogc/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/openalex",
  "label": "OpenAlex",
  "description": "Scholarly works matching the wiki's vocabulary, newest first, with open-access links where they exist; catches journal papers that never reach arXiv.",
  "tags": [
   "papers",
   "open access"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/openalex/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/reddit-digitaltwin",
  "label": "r/digitaltwin",
  "description": "The digital twin subreddit, newest submissions.",
  "tags": [
   "discussion"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/reddit-digitaltwin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/smart-cities-dive",
  "label": "Smart Cities Dive",
  "description": "Trade news on cities and infrastructure; filtered here for twin-related items.",
  "tags": [
   "cities",
   "news"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/smart-cities-dive/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/tudelft-3d-geoinformation",
  "label": "3D geoinformation group, TU Delft",
  "description": "News from the 3D geoinformation research group at TU Delft: 3D city models, CityJSON and the 3D GeoInfo conference.",
  "tags": [
   "3d city models",
   "research"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/tudelft-3d-geoinformation/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/weeklyosm",
  "label": "weeklyOSM",
  "description": "The weekly OpenStreetMap newsletter; filtered here for twin, simulation and 3D city items.",
  "tags": [
   "openstreetmap",
   "newsletter"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/weeklyosm/"
 },
 {
  "id": "sites/zenodo",
  "label": "Zenodo",
  "description": "Datasets, software and papers deposited on Zenodo that match the wiki's vocabulary, newest first.",
  "tags": [
   "datasets",
   "software"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "website"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/sites/zenodo/"
 },
 {
  "id": "stories/a-flooded-substation",
  "label": "A flooded substation",
  "description": "Water reaches one substation; water pumping and communications can go down with it.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "story"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-09",
  "url": "/stories/a-flooded-substation/"
 },
 {
  "id": "stories/a-frog-chorus",
  "label": "A frog chorus",
  "description": "Aircraft noise changes how Pedregal frogs call and thins out their chorus.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "story"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-09",
  "url": "/stories/a-frog-chorus/"
 },
 {
  "id": "stories/a-late-bus",
  "label": "A late bus",
  "description": "A live model of the roads spots a bus falling behind and helps staff change the signals ahead of it.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "story"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-09",
  "url": "/stories/a-late-bus/"
 },
 {
  "id": "stories/computational-journalism-colorado-river-interactive",
  "label": "Who Drinks the River?",
  "description": "Scrolling story and playable water-allocation model of the Colorado River basin by Anselm Hook; readers set the flow, choose the cut rule and retire irrigation, then share the future they built as a link.",
  "tags": [
   "colorado river",
   "water allocation",
   "interactive",
   "journalism",
   "scenario",
   "drought"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "story"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "places",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/stories/computational-journalism-colorado-river-interactive/"
 },
 {
  "id": "stories",
  "label": "Stories",
  "description": "Short true accounts of what a model let someone see.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/stories/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/biohabitats-nature-first-data-center-framework",
  "label": "Nature First: A Framework for Data Centers",
  "description": "Framework from the ecological design firm Biohabitats for asking, before a data center is designed, whether it belongs in a landscape at all, and how it relates to the watershed, habitat and community around it.",
  "tags": [
   "data centers",
   "site selection",
   "ecology",
   "watershed",
   "land use",
   "planning"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "places",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/biohabitats-nature-first-data-center-framework/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/bioregional-relationship-governance-johar-tjoelker-kay",
  "label": "Bioregional relationship governance",
  "description": "The idea that a bioregion should be organised around the relationships that sustain life in a place, such as a shared water system, rather than around a boundary drawn on a map; argued by Indy Johar and related to the rights-of-nature movement for rivers.",
  "tags": [
   "bioregion",
   "governance",
   "watershed",
   "rights of nature",
   "interdependence"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/bioregional-relationship-governance-johar-tjoelker-kay/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/civic-models-simulating-the-world-direction",
  "label": "Civic models",
  "description": "The aim of predictive models of land, water, law and policy that ordinary people can run, question and argue with, rather than tools reserved for planners, companies and agencies.",
  "tags": [
   "simulation",
   "participation",
   "world model",
   "policy",
   "prediction",
   "public"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "people",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/civic-models-simulating-the-world-direction/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/digital-twin",
  "label": "What is a digital twin?",
  "description": "A computational representation of a real object, place or system, linked to information about its real-world counterpart.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/terms/digital-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms",
  "label": "Terminology",
  "description": "Words the field uses, and the ones we coin.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/terms/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/natural-general-intelligence-ngi",
  "label": "Natural General Intelligence",
  "description": "A proposal for a foundation model trained on observations of the Earth itself, estimating the planet's current state and simulating how it responds to intervention.",
  "tags": [
   "earth system",
   "foundation model",
   "world model",
   "planetary",
   "observation"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/natural-general-intelligence-ngi/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/ontology",
  "label": "Ontology",
  "description": "The set of things, kinds and relations a model admits: the decision about how to cut a continuous world into parts that can be named, counted and simulated.",
  "tags": [
   "ontology",
   "categories",
   "data model",
   "knowledge"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-19",
  "url": "/terms/ontology/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/regenerative-gdp-regdp",
  "label": "Regenerative GDP (ReGDP)",
  "description": "Blue Green Future's accounting framework that counts living ecosystems as productive infrastructure in GDP and on sovereign balance sheets.",
  "tags": [
   "natural capital",
   "accounting",
   "gdp",
   "sovereign debt",
   "nature finance"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/regenerative-gdp-regdp/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/umbrella-species-stewardship-protocol-era",
  "label": "ERA Biodiversity Crediting Protocol for Umbrella Species Stewardship",
  "description": "A biodiversity-credit protocol from Ecosystem Regeneration Associates (ERA) in Brazil that pays landholders for keeping an umbrella species and its habitat in good condition, checked by monitoring and external audit.",
  "tags": [
   "biodiversity credits",
   "umbrella species",
   "jaguar",
   "pantanal",
   "brazil",
   "stewardship"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/umbrella-species-stewardship-protocol-era/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/verifiable-nature-units-vnus",
  "label": "Verifiable Nature Units (VNUs)",
  "description": "African Parks' unit of conservation performance, one square kilometre in which ecological integrity has been kept or improved over a year, used as the basis for outcomes-based funding.",
  "tags": [
   "conservation finance",
   "outcomes",
   "protected areas",
   "africa",
   "ecological integrity"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/verifiable-nature-units-vnus/"
 },
 {
  "id": "terms/world-system-science-wss",
  "label": "World System Science",
  "description": "A proposed social-science counterpart to Earth System Science, set out in The Anthropocene Crisis (Cambridge University Press), edited by Mathias Albert and Barry Buzan.",
  "tags": [
   "social science",
   "earth system",
   "anthropocene",
   "tipping points",
   "multispecies justice"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "term"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "people",
   "climate",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/terms/world-system-science-wss/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/3d-amsterdam",
  "label": "3D Amsterdam",
  "description": "The City of Amsterdam's browser 3D viewer of the city, which runs on Netherlands3D, an open-source Unity digital-twin framework begun for 3D Amsterdam and 3D Utrecht and now developed for the whole Netherlands.",
  "tags": [
   "Amsterdam",
   "city model",
   "open source",
   "Unity",
   "Netherlands3D"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "licence": "EUPL-1.2",
   "note": "The Netherlands3D framework the viewer runs on is on GitHub under EUPL-1.2 and asks municipalities to contribute; the viewer's own data terms are not stated on the pages read."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/3d-amsterdam/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/3d-rotterdam",
  "label": "3D Rotterdam",
  "description": "The Municipality of Rotterdam's 3D city model and browser viewer, built from its base registers, lidar and aerial photographs, covering buildings, terrain, trees, street furniture and underground cables and pipes; the data is published for anyone to use.",
  "tags": [
   "Rotterdam",
   "city model",
   "open data",
   "3D Tiles",
   "CityGML"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "3D data can be exported from the viewer as OBJ, FBX or DWG, downloaded per neighbourhood as CityGML or DWG, or streamed from public 3D Tiles endpoints; no licence is named."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/3d-rotterdam/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/bay-layers",
  "label": "Bay Layers",
  "description": "A layered portrait of San Francisco Bay that explains a digital twin as four shared geographic layers: earth and seabed, natural forces, living systems and the built world.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": true,
  "view": null,
  "open": null,
  "depiction": "/twins/bay-layers/poster.jpg",
  "square": false,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/twins/bay-layers/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/boston-3d-smart-model",
  "label": "Boston 3D Smart Model",
  "description": "The City of Boston Planning Department's GIS Lab maintains a citywide 3D model of terrain, groundplan and buildings, used for planning and development review and published for download in the public domain.",
  "tags": [
   "Boston",
   "city model",
   "planning",
   "open data",
   "SketchUp"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "partly",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License (PDDL)",
   "note": "The model is downloadable by tile in open formats and as SketchUp under the PDDL; the citySchema stewardship architecture it is managed with is described as open source."
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/boston-3d-smart-model.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/boston-3d-smart-model/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/boundlessnyc",
  "label": "Valdrada",
  "description": "Mehmet Kerem Turkcan's city-scale digital twin of New York City's five boroughs, compiled from public municipal records, with real-time rendering, traffic and pedestrian simulation and a CARLA-style Python API.",
  "tags": [
   "new york",
   "city",
   "simulation",
   "traffic",
   "synthetic data",
   "open source"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "mobility",
   "sensory"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "MIT (code); CC BY 4.0 (documentation); ODbL 1.0 (compiled city)"
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/boundlessnyc.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/twins/boundlessnyc/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/chesapeake-cast",
  "label": "Chesapeake Assessment Scenario Tool (CAST)",
  "description": "The Chesapeake Bay Program's web-based watershed model of the Chesapeake Bay, United States; a planner picks an area and management practices and it estimates the resulting nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment loads and their cost.",
  "tags": [
   "watershed",
   "water quality",
   "nutrient loads",
   "scenario planning",
   "United States"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly",
   "note": "Source data tables, public reports, maps and model documentation are on the site; building and sharing scenarios needs a login, which is granted to everyone who asks; model changes come from the Bay Program partnership, the states and the EPA."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/chesapeake-cast/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/edito",
  "label": "European Digital Twin of the Ocean (EDITO)",
  "description": "The European Commission's digital replica of the ocean, built and run by Mercator Ocean International and the Flanders Marine Institute; a public platform that joins Copernicus Marine and EMODnet data with ocean models and what-if scenario applications.",
  "tags": [
   "ocean",
   "Copernicus",
   "what-if scenarios",
   "open platform",
   "Europe"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology",
   "climate"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "open",
   "note": "Copernicus Marine and EMODnet data can be explored on the platform with no registration; registered users can publish data, services, processes and tutorials to its catalogues and request computing resources."
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/edito.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/edito/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/ereefs",
  "label": "eReefs",
  "description": "A modelling and monitoring system for the Great Barrier Reef built by CSIRO, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Bureau of Meteorology and the Queensland Government with the Great Barrier Reef Foundation; it simulates water movement, sediment, waves and biogeochemistry from the catchments to the open ocean.",
  "tags": [
   "coral reef",
   "water quality",
   "hydrodynamic model",
   "open data",
   "Australia"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "open",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
   "note": "Model results and observations are published under CC BY 4.0, the modelling software (CSIRO EMS) and the emsarray Python library are released as open source, and data can be reached through a visualisation portal, a Data Brokering Layer API or directly from the host agencies."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/ereefs/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/helsinki-bologna",
  "label": "Helsinki / Bologna",
  "description": "The City of Helsinki publishes its 3D city models and an energy and climate atlas as open data; the Municipality of Bologna is building a digital twin as civic infrastructure with a public research consortium.",
  "tags": [
   "city model",
   "open data",
   "CityGML",
   "energy atlas",
   "civic"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places",
   "energy"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly",
   "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Helsinki 3D mesh)"
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "proposed",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/helsinki-bologna/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/iliad",
  "label": "Iliad, Digital Twins of the Ocean",
  "description": "A Horizon 2020 project of 56 partners that builds virtual representations of the sea from earth observation, models and digital infrastructure, and runs a marketplace where digital twins, models and their components are listed and shared.",
  "tags": [
   "ocean",
   "marketplace",
   "interoperability",
   "Horizon 2020",
   "training"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "water",
   "ecology"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "partly",
   "note": "Marketplace products are filed as free or paid; anyone can create an account and apply to list products, which an Iliad administrator must approve before they appear."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/iliad/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins",
  "label": "Notable twins",
  "description": "Models of real places that people run and publish, and what in each is open.",
  "tags": [],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "list",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "public",
  "updated": "",
  "url": "/twins/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/moorea-idea",
  "label": "Moorea IDEA (Island Digital Ecosystem Avatar)",
  "description": "A sustainability simulator of the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, led by the IDEA Consortium from the University of California's Gump South Pacific Research Station; it models links between climate, environment, biodiversity and human activity across the island and its lagoon.",
  "tags": [
   "island",
   "coral reef",
   "social-ecological",
   "biodiversity",
   "French Polynesia"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "ecology",
   "places",
   "people"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown"
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/moorea-idea.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/moorea-idea/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/nsw-spatial-digital-twin",
  "label": "NSW Spatial Digital Twin",
  "description": "DCS Spatial Services, the New South Wales government's spatial data authority, runs a 3D and 4D visualisation platform and data-sharing portal for the state, used by agencies and councils for planning, asset management and emergency response.",
  "tags": [
   "New South Wales",
   "state government",
   "3D visualisation",
   "spatial data",
   "collaboration portal"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "partly",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "partly",
   "note": "The SDT Explorer viewer is free to use; the Spatial Collaboration Portal holds 1,000+ datasets with API access and downloads subject to the sharing permissions each data owner sets."
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/nsw-spatial-digital-twin.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/nsw-spatial-digital-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/tees-valley-traffic-twin",
  "label": "Tees Valley Traffic Digital Twin",
  "description": "Tees Valley Combined Authority runs a live model of the region's roads, built on Aimsun Live, at the traffic control centre in Middlesbrough; it spots late-running buses and triggers pre-approved signal timing changes.",
  "tags": [
   "traffic",
   "buses",
   "signals",
   "real-time",
   "Tees Valley"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "mobility"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "unknown",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "Runs on Aimsun Live, a commercial product; one of its inputs is the public Bus Open Data Service, but the pages read say nothing about the twin's own data or outputs being published."
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/tees-valley-traffic-twin.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/tees-valley-traffic-twin/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/virtual-singapore",
  "label": "Dassault / Virtual Singapore",
  "description": "A 3D model of Singapore built by the National Research Foundation, the Singapore Land Authority and GovTech on Dassault Systèmes' 3DEXPERIENCity platform, for planning analyses and simulations across agencies.",
  "tags": [
   "city model",
   "Singapore",
   "3DEXPERIENCity",
   "smart nation",
   "planning"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "closed",
   "data": "closed",
   "api": "unknown",
   "participation": "closed"
  },
  "depiction": "/twins/virtual-singapore.jpg",
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/virtual-singapore/"
 },
 {
  "id": "twins/zurich-3d-city-model",
  "label": "3D-Stadtmodell Stadt Zürich",
  "description": "The City of Zürich publishes its 3D city model, a roof-and-building model derived from the cadastral survey and photogrammetry, plus year-stamped LoD2 models and historical reconstructions, as open geodata with download and web services.",
  "tags": [
   "Zürich",
   "city model",
   "open data",
   "CityGML",
   "LoD2"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "twin"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "places"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": null,
  "open": {
   "source": "unknown",
   "data": "open",
   "api": "yes",
   "participation": "unknown",
   "note": "Each dataset is marked free of usage restrictions, downloadable whole or by clipped extent, and served as WMS, WFS and WMTS."
  },
  "depiction": null,
  "square": true,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "url": "/twins/zurich-3d-city-model/"
 },
 {
  "id": "vitals",
  "label": "Vitals",
  "description": "Six running measurements of the planet's state, refreshed from their sources at every deploy.",
  "tags": [
   "climate",
   "indicators",
   "sea ice",
   "carbon dioxide",
   "temperature"
  ],
  "kinds": [
   "section"
  ],
  "domains": [
   "climate",
   "water"
  ],
  "pinned": false,
  "view": "vitals",
  "open": null,
  "depiction": null,
  "square": false,
  "status": "draft",
  "updated": "2026-10-17",
  "url": "/vitals/"
 }
]